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In the ranch of Nazinga, sustainable wildlife management requires a better economic valorisation of the species offering touristic and hunting interest. In the first part of this thesis, the estimate of populations size of buffaloes and waterbucks is outlined. The total pedestrian method and the total aerial method show that the buffalo population counts respectively 283 and 145 heads. Quotas determined by the demand as well as the existence of interior and transborder poaching explain these low values. The strict application of culling quotas of 2 %, targeted on the adult males, coupled to a significant reduction of poaching should permit a fast increase of the population size, ensuring the management of the species in Nazinga. Concerning the waterbuck, by using successively the total pedestrian method and the pedestrian method by transects, the population was estimated at 1595 +/- 270 heads. The biological potential is thus important. Culling quotas of 2 %, targeted on beautiful t rophies should also allow a better socio-economic valorisation of this speciesand benefit to the ranch and the local population. The second part of the thesis is related to the analysis of the soils, the vegetation units and the interactions between fauna, flora and fire. Within the grass cover we identified unstable communities in gallery forests and wooded savannahs. This imbalance, due to high grazing pressure on perennial grasses of high quality, leads to the invasion by Sporobolus pyramidalis and Cymbopogon giganteus in the low-ground pastures. These two fire-resistant species are aggressive and almost not consumed. In cultivated areas, fallows have a remarkable resilience capacity, with a recolonization by Andropogon gayanus after four years. Early fire has a weak influence on herbaceous biomass production the following season. For most of the studied ligneous species, fire stimulates leaf production and accelerates flowering and fructification. Fire management must be guided by search for available quality forages, taking into account the abundance of the different species and their specific reactions.

Nature reserves --- African buffaloes --- Antelopes. --- Antelopes --- Animal population --- Censuses --- methods --- Population distribution --- Stocking density --- pasture improvement --- Andropogon gayanus --- vegetation. --- vegetation --- fallow --- Controlled burning --- illegal practices --- resource management --- Gestion cynegetique --- Sporobolus pyramidalis --- Cymbopogon giganteus --- Burkina Faso --- Burkina Faso --- Gestion cynegetique --- Sporobolus pyramidalis --- Cymbopogon giganteus

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