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Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information for understanding electronic interactions that impact the optical properties of rare earth ions in solids. Its goal is to establish a connection between fundamental principles and the materials properties of rare-earth activated luminescent and laser optical materials. The theoretical survey and introduction to spectroscopic properties include electronic energy level structure, intensities of optical transitions, ion-phonon interactions, line broadening, and energy transfer and up-conversion. An important aspect of the book lies in its deep and detailed discussions on materials properties and the potential of new applications such as optical storage, information processing, nanophotonics, and molecular probes that have been identified in recent experimental studies. This volume will be a valuable reference book on advanced topics of rare earth spectroscopy and materials science.

Optics. Quantum optics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Solid state physics --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- fotonica --- materiaalkennis --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- lasers (technologie) --- spectroscopie --- fysica --- optica

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Solid state physics --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- Electronics --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- materialen (technologie) --- elektronica --- fysica

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Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- Physics --- Materials sciences --- toegepaste wetenschappen --- materialen (technologie) --- fysica --- magnetisme

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The purpose of the book is to show how general principles can be used to obtain insight into laser processes. The principles used may come from fundamental physical theory or from direct observation of experimental results, but an understanding of the general characteristics of the behaviour of a process is essential for intelligent investigation and implementation, whether the approach is experimental, observational, numerical or analytical. The last two have a special value since the associated costs can be relatively low and may be used as a starting point for more expensive techniques. The construction of simple models whose underlying principles are easy to see is therefore of special value, and an understanding of their strengths and limitations is essential. The applications considered in detail are cutting, keyhole welding, drilling, arc and hybrid laser-arc welding, hardening, cladding, forming and cutting, but the general principles have a very wide application; metallurgical aspects are considered, as are femtosecond interactions with metals. The book begins with a discussion of the mathematical formulation of some relevant classes of physical ideas, and ends with an introduction to comprehensive numerical simulation. Although all the examples considered have the common feature that the source of power is a laser, many of the principles and methods apply to thermal modelling in a variety of different fields and at many different levels of power.

Fluid mechanics --- Optics. Quantum optics --- Thermodynamics --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Planning (firm) --- thermodynamica --- fotonica --- lasers (technologie) --- mathematische modellen --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- mechanica --- warmteoverdracht

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As we enter the nanotechnology era, we are also encountering the 50th anniversary of the invention of the IC. Will silicon continue to be the pre-eminent material and will MooreTM's Law continue unabated, albeit in a broader economic venue, in the nanotechnology era? This monograph addresses these issues through a re-examination of the scientific and technological foundations of the microelectronics era. It is proposed that, by better assessing and understanding the past five decades of this era, a firmer foundation can yet be laid for the research that will ensue and possibly provide a glimpse of opportunities in the nanotechnology era. For example, we are already seeing some potential applications in the bonding of molecular devices onto a previously formed IC chip providing vehicles for the continued growth of the Information Age and further extending opportunities for today's microelectronics porducts. There will, furthermore, no doubt be scientific advances generating opportunities and applications defining new technology initiatives in the nanotechnology era, barely perceived at present. This book will help prepare us to meet these challenges with the requisite skills to facilitate the identification and development of these future initiatives.

Electronics and optics of solids --- Solid state physics --- Electronics --- Electrical engineering --- nanotechniek --- siliconen --- elektronica --- fysica --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders