Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical mediators of the innate immune response in mammals. This family of receptors recognizes a variety of microbial products or motifs and initiates the host response to infection. Examples include TLR4 which recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, TLR3 which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA, and TLR9 which recognizes CpG DNA motifs, found in both viruses and bacteria. All TLRs possess an intracellular region termed the Toll-IL-1 receptor-Resistance (TIR) domain which is essential for signaling from these receptors. The specificity of signaling from individual TLRs arises from differential utilization of adapter proteins. This specificity results in a tailoring of the host defense response depending on the microbe being sensed. TLRs are increasingly being implicated in both infectious and inflammatory diseases, notable examples being sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and asthma. There is, therefore, great interest in targeting TLRs therapeutically since a disruption of TLR function will result in a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators. This volume covers our current understanding of TLRs and their role in inflammation. Given the importance of TLRs in the inflammatory process and their emerging role in inflammatory diseases the book is of great interest to researchers working in inflammation and immunology.

Inflammation --- Cell receptors. --- Mediators. --- Immunological aspects. --- Cell membrane receptors --- Cell surface receptors --- Receptors, Cell --- Binding sites (Biochemistry) --- Cell membranes --- Proteins --- Immunology of inflammation --- Immune response --- Inflammatory mediators --- Mediators of inflammation --- Biomolecules --- Immunology --- Immunology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Microbiology. --- Cytology. --- Toxicology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Cell Biology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Toxicology --- Infectious diseases. --- Medical microbiology. --- Cell biology. --- Pharmacology. --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Histology. Cytology --- Immunology. Immunopathology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- immunologie --- medische microbiologie --- farmacologie --- toxicologie --- besmettelijke ziekten --- cytologie --- histologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In addition to their invaluable role in the fight against infection, Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in an under- or over-active state can lead to the pathogenesis of disease, making these receptors a key focal point for many research laboratories. In Toll-Like Receptors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field contribute techniques currently used to study TLRs, their downstream signalling pathways, and their role in the pathogenesis of disease, with sections examining TLR expression and the application of genetic techniques and microarray analysis to TLR research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Versatile and cutting-edge, Toll-Like Receptors: Methods and Protocols provides an ideal manual for a wide range of biologists and medical researchers studying these vital components of the immune system.

Immunology. --- Cytokines. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Regulation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Erwin Schrödinger's book What is Life? had a tremendous influence on the development of molecular biology, stimulating scientists such as Watson and Crick to explore the physical basis of life. Much of the appeal of Schrödinger's book lay in its approach to the central problems in biology - heredity and how organisms use energy to maintain order - from a physicist's perspective. At Trinity College, Dublin a number of outstanding scientists from a range of disciplines gathered to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of What is Life? and following Schrödinger's example fifty years previously, presented their views on the current central problems in biology. The contributors to this volume include Stephen Jay Gould, Roger Penrose, Jared Diamond, Manfred Eigen, John Maynard Smith, Christien de Duve and Lewis Wolpert. This collection is essential reading for anyone interested in biology and its future.

Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Philosophy --- Schrödinger, Erwin,