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"Explores the processes, technology, end-use and economics involved in torrefaction at industrial scale for heat and power generation. Its authors combine their industry experience with their academic expertise to provide a thorough overview of the topic. Starting at feedstock pretreatment, followed by torrefaction processes, the book includes plant design and operation, safety aspects and case studies focusing on the needs and challenges of industrial scale. Commercially available technologies are examined and compared, and their economical evaluation and life cycle assessments are covered as well. Attention is also given to non-woody feedstock, alternative applications, derived fuels, recent advances and expected future developments"--

Biomass energy. --- Biomass conversion. --- Microbial biotechnology --- Bio-energy (Biomass energy) --- Bioenergy (Biomass energy) --- Biofuels --- Biological fuels --- Energy, Biomass --- Microbial energy conversion --- Energy conversion --- Fuel --- Energy crops --- Microbial fuel cells --- Refuse as fuel --- Waste products as fuel --- Biomass as fuel --- Renewable fuels --- Renewable energy sources

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This book discusses the impact of climate change on rural forest areas. It analyses data provided by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) to not only demonstrate that climate change has occurred in Portuguese forests, but also to suggest how forestry practices can be adapted to minimise its effects. In turn, the book distils data collected over several years into a comprehensive and coherent review of the ways in which the climate has changed in Portugal. It addresses the changes in rainfall, temperatures, and climatic anomalies, and how these changes correlate with effects such as rural forest fires. Though the text chiefly focuses on Portugal, the tools implemented are easily transferable to other countries and regions, making it relevant to readers around the globe. The book offers a valuable asset for students, researchers, foresters and those working at environmental (research) institutions. .

Environmental engineering. --- Biotechnology. --- Forestry. --- Climate change. --- Agriculture. --- Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology. --- Climate Change. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Environmental health --- Environmental protection --- Pollution --- Sustainable engineering --- Environmental aspects --- Forests and forestry --- Climatic factors. --- Bioclimatology --- Effect of climate on --- Effect of climatic changes on --- Global environmental change

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Meteorology. Climatology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Forestry --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Biotechnology --- landbouw --- biotechnologie --- milieutechnologie --- bossen --- klimaatverandering