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Triangulation. --- Geodesy --- Computer programs.

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Critical theory --- International relations --- Security, International --- Research

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With the work Brazil and Portugal: dictatorships and transitions to democracy, the second stage of the "Contemporary History" Collection begins, published by the University of Coimbra Press under the Scientific Coordination of the Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX of the University of Coimbra (CEIS20/UC). The collection will be directed by António Rafael Amaro (historian, professor of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, researcher of CEIS20/UC) and by João Paulo Avelãs Nunes (historian, professor of the Department of History, European Studies, Archaeology and Arts of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Coimbra, researcher of CEIS20/UC).As in the previous stage, during which Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro was responsible for the creation and operation of the Collection, the aim is to disseminate quality and socially relevant studies on contemporary Portuguese and other countries' history (19th to 21st centuries). Monographs and collective works, mono, inter and transdisciplinary approaches, less or more comparative readings, texts in Portuguese and other languages (English, French, Castilian, Italian), works by CEIS20/UC researchers and by researchers linked to other institutions or organisations are accepted for evaluation. Observing, at the present juncture, the intensification of crisis and tension indicators at national, sub-continental and international levels, historiography - deontological and epistemological assumptions, concepts and methodologies, proposals for reconstitution and interpretation - on the contemporary era sees its global social relevance expanded.

Democracy --- Transition --- Dictatorship --- Transitional Justice --- Revolution

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Since the uprise of Web 2.0 technologies and, consequently, social media networks, the way of communicating changed and a digital world emerged. In recent years, a considerable amount of research has been made about celebrity-based and influencer-based political and commercial endorsements. In terms of commercial endorsements, previous research showed that there is a significantly increase in advertising effectiveness. Based on the principles of the opinion leadership theory, previous research showed that celebrities’ political endorsements impacted negatively complacency and consequently had a positive impact in involvement and self-efficacy, which may produce real benefits to the political process and long-term participation, especially on younger generations, since they are more disconnected with political topics and their political participation is short-termed and topic-related. Social Media Influencers are also following the political path of celebrities and starting to communicate their political opinions to their followers, however, research on its efficacy had produced mixed results. Taking into account that young adults have stronger levels of identification with opinion leaders, an online experiment was run and the present investigation aimed to understand the impact of celebrities’ and influencers’ political messages and also understand there was a connection/relation with perceived authenticity. Although the results did not found any statistically significant relation between the variables analyzed across the hypotheses, the present investigation contributes to the growing body of literature on the impact of social media influencers’ political endorsements by matching and reinsure a few assumptions made by previous research. Basically, an isolated parasocial interaction with an influencer or with a celebrity might not enough to establish an authentic, effective and enduring relation between them and the follower. In order to become an opinion leader and exert influence over someone, continuity and durability is important and a robust and solid parasocial relationship must be built. Only then, a mobilizing political message by a social media influencer or celebrity can aim to exert some sort of influence and have an impact when it comes to political participation intention.