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This paper reviews briefly the controversy in the literature concerning the speed of adjustment and sequencing of reforms, and presents a model parameterized with Chinese data. The model is used to generate different policy simulations to illustrate some of the key issues in the debate on the speed and sequencing of reforms, and not to provide a basis for policy recommendations for China. The simulations highlight the importance of the criteria being used for determining speed and sequencing. The paper also underscores the limitations involved in attempting to derive conclusions from the model, given the complexity of the issues.

Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform --- Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions --- Privatization --- Contracting Out --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Labor Economics: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- International economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Civil service & public sector --- Current account --- Labor --- Budget planning and preparation --- Public enterprises --- Economic sectors --- Balance of payments --- Public sector --- Labor economics --- Budget --- Government business enterprises --- Finance, Public --- China, People's Republic of --- Income economics --- Nationalization

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This paper reviews major issues involved in achieving the objectives of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD). Using a simple framework for evaluation, the analysis highlights considerations relevant to policymakers in the areas of poverty reduction, macroeconomic policies, trade promotion, attracting capital flows, and governance and institutional reforms. The analysis also identifies risks involved in achieving NEPAD's objectives. To minimize these risks, it will be important to make some goals more operational, to further broaden and deepen stakeholder participation, to establish a sound basis for monitoring progress, to prepare contingency plans, and to harmonize the role of regional institutions with NEPAD initiatives.

Environmental Economics --- Social Services and Welfare --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Economic Development: General --- Economywide Country Studies: Africa --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Environmental Economics: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Social welfare & social services --- Environmental economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty reduction and development --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Environment --- Poverty --- Environmental sciences --- South Africa

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This paper reviews recent experience of African countries in the design and implementation of adjustment programs supported by use of Fund resources.

Economic stabilization --- International Monetary Fund --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Economic policy --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Public enterprises --- Credit --- Current account deficits --- Balance of payments deficits --- Economic sectors --- Prices --- Money --- Balance of payments --- Government business enterprises --- Exports --- Somalia --- Nationalization

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This paper charts Tunisia's transformation from an inward-looking, heavily regulated economy into a predominantly market- and export-oriented one. The paper highlights some of the major challenges facing the country and draws lessons from Tunisia's experience that can be useful for other countries.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Tunisia --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic stabilization --- Currency convertibility --- Economic policy --- -Currency convertibility --- -Economic stabilization --- -338.22 <611> --- 338.24 <611> --- 339.743 <611> --- 338 --- (611) --- --- politique economique --- politique monetaire --- tunisie --- TN / Tunisia - Tunesië - Tunisie --- 336.62 --- 333.480 --- 333.111.40 --- 330.05 --- 338.9611 --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Convertibility of currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Tunesië --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tunesië --- Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang--Tunesië --- economisch beleid --- monetair beleid --- tunesie --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen. --- Geldstelsel. --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen. --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- 339.743 <611> Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang--Tunesië --- 338.24 <611> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tunesië --- 338.22 <611> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Tunesië --- 338.22 <611> --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen --- Geldstelsel --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen --- Chunijia --- Chunijia Kyōwakoku --- Jumhuriya at-Tunisiya --- Jumhūrīyah al-Tūnisīyah --- Republic of Tunisia --- République tunisienne --- Tunesien --- Túnez --- Tunis (Protectorate) --- Tunisie --- Tunisskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Tunisyah --- チュニジア --- チュニジア共和国 --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Tunisia --- Economic stabilization - Tunisia --- Currency convertibility - Tunisia --- Tunisia - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Finance: General --- Trade: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Imports --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Treasury bills and bonds --- International trade --- Financial institutions --- Public enterprises --- Economic sectors --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Revenue --- Government securities --- Government business enterprises --- Nationalization