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Breast Cancer is the most common tumor in women and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Due to breakthroughs in gene profiling, the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the mammary gland had greatly increased over the last decade. In Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic Era, Antonio Giordano, Nicola Normanno, and a panel of international authorities in their field provide a comprehensive approach to the biology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human breast carcinoma. The book provides a comprehensive approach to breast cancer, describing the use of gene profiling techniques to distinguish specific features of individual carcinomas, as well as emerging novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. Additional chapters cover the use of transgenic mice to model human breast cancer and the role of the EGF-CFC family in mammary gland development and neoplasia. Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic-Era succeeds in looking at breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment under a more comprehensive light, and is a valuable resource for any Radiation or Surgical Oncologist, Cancer Biologist or Pathologist.
Breast -- Cancer -- Diagnosis. --- Breast -- Cancer -- Etiology. --- Breast -- Cancer -- Genetic aspects. --- Breast -- Cancer -- Treatment. --- Breast --- Breast Diseases --- Neoplasms by Site --- Neoplasms --- Skin Diseases --- Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases --- Diseases --- Breast Neoplasms --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Cancer --- Etiology --- Diagnosis --- Treatment --- Genetic aspects --- Diagnosis. --- Etiology. --- Genetic aspects. --- Treatment. --- Medicine. --- Oncology. --- Pathology. --- Surgical oncology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Surgical Oncology. --- Oncology . --- Disease (Pathology) --- Medical sciences --- Medicine, Preventive --- Oncologic surgery --- Oncological surgery --- Surgical oncology --- Tumors --- Excision
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Oncology. Neoplasms --- Pathology --- oncologie --- mammacarcinomen
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Breast Cancer is the most common tumor in women and it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Due to breakthroughs in gene profiling, the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the mammary gland had greatly increased over the last decade. In Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic Era, Antonio Giordano, Nicola Normanno, and a panel of international authorities in their field provide a comprehensive approach to the biology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human breast carcinoma. The book provides a comprehensive approach to breast cancer, describing the use of gene profiling techniques to distinguish specific features of individual carcinomas, as well as emerging novel therapeutic approaches to treatment. Additional chapters cover the use of transgenic mice to model human breast cancer and the role of the EGF-CFC family in mammary gland development and neoplasia. Breast Cancer in the Post Genomic-Era succeeds in looking at breast cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment under a more comprehensive light, and is a valuable resource for any Radiation or Surgical Oncologist, Cancer Biologist or Pathologist.
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Background: An individualised treatment of cancer is becoming the new standard. It is seen as qualitative way of treating patients in oncology e.g. mCRC and NSCLC. Correct analysis of biomarker status is therefore of great importance for prescribing the correct therapy. Due to the recent advances in knowledge and expansion of new techniques for molecular research, follow- up and documentation is necessary and the importance of a high-quality laboratory becomes undeniably. Here the importance of validation/verification of molecular tests is addressed to guarantee a correct analysis. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the validation/verification practices in routine clinical practice in Italy, UK, Denmark and Norway, and compare the limit of detections (LOD) of participants of ctDNA and lung EQA schemes of 2018. Material and methods: Articles were collected regarding validations performed on the techniques used in the CROM diagnostic lab (Sanger sequencing, Therascreen, NGS and ddPCR). A survey on routine biomarker analysis and validation practices was send to 48 laboratories across Italy, one in UK, one in Denmark and one in Norway. Data was collected from four different EQA providers for the ctDNA scheme (ESP, EMQN, Gen&Tiss and GenQA). The variant allele frequency of the mutations varied from 5% to 0.5%. The ctDNA scheme was then compared with the lung scheme. FFPE samples were sent with an allele frequency in between 22-80%. Results: Different testing strategies were used for FFPE and plasma samples taking into account the cost-effectiveness of the techniques used. Six of the nine respondents of the survey were accredited according to ISO 9001. Different kind of guidelines were used for validation/verification procedures in the laboratory. The laboratories mainly used the Cobas® EGFR mutation V2 kit for analysis of the ctDNA. Variation was visible in LOD reported on datasheet and kit manual, where most of the laboratories test much more sensitive than indicated on kit manual. Furthermore, large variation was also visible in LODs between ctDNA and lung EQA schema. Conclusion: Despite the difference in accreditation status, similar test characteristics were checked in both Italy and other countries during validation/verification. Furthermore, we also noted that when using LODs, the laboratories test more sensitive than stated in the kit's manual, which is positive for patients. There was a large variation in the reported LODs, which shows that intra-laboratory validation varies widely, and the need for standardized reporting certainly emphasizes in the case of ctDNA. The preliminary ctDNA data and lung data also demonstrated once again that the detection limit is of great importance for low percentage variants.
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