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Set against a growing public, media and political concern about occupational and envrionmental health issues, this book is a comprehensive reference on methods and applications in the field of exposure assessment for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies. It will serve a scientific need to better understand and explain the effects of occupational and environmental pollutants on human health.
Occupational Diseases --- Environmental Exposure --- Environmental Health --- Risk Assessment --- Health risk assessment --- Occupational diseases --- Environmentally induced diseases --- epidemiology --- Epidemiology --- Environmental health. --- Health risk assessment. --- Environmental Exposure. --- Environmental Health. --- Risk Assessment. --- Epidemiology. --- epidemiology. --- Environmental health --- Diseases of occupations --- Employees --- Industrial diseases --- Occupation diseases --- Occupations --- Work-related diseases --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Clinical ecology --- Diseases --- Environmental illness --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Environmental aspects --- Health aspects --- Medicine, Industrial --- Medicine, Preventive --- Public health --- Risk assessment --- Medical geography --- Environmental engineering --- Causes and theories of causation --- Occupational Diseases - epidemiology --- Occupational diseases - Epidemiology --- Environmentally induced diseases - Epidemiology
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This volume brings together the world’s leading experts on urban and transport planning, environmental exposures, physical activity, health and health impact assessment to discuss challenges and solutions in cities. The book provides a conceptual framework and work program for actions and outlines future research needs. It presents the current evidence-base, the benefits of and numerous case studies on integrating health and the environment into urban development and transport planning. Within cities there is a considerable variation in the levels of environmental exposures such as ambient air pollution, noise, and temperature, green space availability and physical activity. Many of these exposures, and their adverse health impacts, are related to and are being exacerbated by urban and transport planning and policy. Emerging research suggests that urban and transport planning indicators such as road network, distance to major roads, traffic density, household density, industry, and natural and green space can explain a large proportion of the variability in environmental exposures and therefore represent important and highly modifiable factors. The urban environment is a complex interlinked system. Decision-makers need not only better data on the complexity of factors in environmental and developmental processes affecting human health, but also an enhanced understanding of the linkages between these factors and health effects to determine at which level to target their actions most effectively. In recent years, there also has been a shift from trying to change at the national level to more comprehensive and ambitious actions being developed and implemented at the regional and local levels. Cities have come to the forefront of providing solutions for environmental issues such as climate change, which has co-benefits for health, but yet need better knowledge for wider health-centric action. This book provides the latest and most up-to-date information and studies for academics and practitioners alike.
City planning --- Public health. --- Urban health. --- Health planning. --- Health aspects. --- Environmental Medicine. --- Medical geography. --- Traffic Engineering. --- Environmental Health. --- Medical Geography. --- Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns). --- Public Health. --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Diseases --- Geographical distribution of diseases --- Geographical pathology --- Geography, Medical --- Geomedicine --- Medical topography --- Pathology, Geographic --- Topography, Medical --- Geography --- Medical climatology --- World health --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Geographical distribution --- Environmental health. --- Urban geography. --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Civil engineering --- Engineering --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Environmental quality --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects
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This completely updated edition offers a practical introduction to exposure assessment methodologies in environmental epidemiologic studies. In addition to methods for traditional methods - questionnaires, biomonitoring - this new edition is expanded to include geographical information systems, modelling, personal sensoring, remote sensing, and OMICs technologies. In addition, each of these methods is contextualised within a recent epidemiology study, maximising illustration for students and those new to these to these techniques.
Environmental Monitoring --- Environmental Exposure. --- Environmental Health. --- Risk Assessment. --- Epidemiologic Studies. --- Health risk assessment --- Environmental health --- Occupational diseases --- Environmentally induced diseases --- Risques pour la santé --- Hygiène du milieu --- Maladies professionnelles --- Maladies de l'environnement --- methods. --- Epidemiology --- Evaluation --- Épidémiologie --- Epidémiologie --- Social medicine --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Clinical ecology --- Diseases --- Environmental illness --- Medical geography --- Diseases of occupations --- Employees --- Industrial diseases --- Occupation diseases --- Occupations --- Work-related diseases --- Medicine, Industrial --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Assessment, Health risk --- Health hazard appraisal --- Health hazard assessment --- Health risk appraisal --- HRA (Public health) --- Human risk assessment --- Medicine, Preventive --- Risk assessment --- Environmental aspects --- Causes and theories of causation --- Health aspects
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Transportation --- Transportation and state. --- Health aspects. --- Planning. --- State and transportation --- Transportation policy --- Transportation planning --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Government policy --- Economic aspects
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Transportation --- Transportation and state. --- Health aspects. --- Planning.
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Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social medicine --- Human medicine --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Transport. Traffic --- Environmental planning --- Geography --- volksgezondheid --- geneeskunde --- milieuhygiëne --- verkeer --- milieuzorg --- transport --- geografie --- reizen --- klimaatverandering
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This volume brings together the world’s leading experts on urban and transport planning, environmental exposures, physical activity, health and health impact assessment to discuss challenges and solutions in cities. The book provides a conceptual framework and work program for actions and outlines future research needs. It presents the current evidence-base, the benefits of and numerous case studies on integrating health and the environment into urban development and transport planning. Within cities there is a considerable variation in the levels of environmental exposures such as ambient air pollution, noise, and temperature, green space availability and physical activity. Many of these exposures, and their adverse health impacts, are related to and are being exacerbated by urban and transport planning and policy. Emerging research suggests that urban and transport planning indicators such as road network, distance to major roads, traffic density, household density, industry, and natural and green space can explain a large proportion of the variability in environmental exposures and therefore represent important and highly modifiable factors. The urban environment is a complex interlinked system. Decision-makers need not only better data on the complexity of factors in environmental and developmental processes affecting human health, but also an enhanced understanding of the linkages between these factors and health effects to determine at which level to target their actions most effectively. In recent years, there also has been a shift from trying to change at the national level to more comprehensive and ambitious actions being developed and implemented at the regional and local levels. Cities have come to the forefront of providing solutions for environmental issues such as climate change, which has co-benefits for health, but yet need better knowledge for wider health-centric action. This book provides the latest and most up-to-date information and studies for academics and practitioners alike.
Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Social medicine --- Human medicine --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Transport. Traffic --- Environmental planning --- Geography --- volksgezondheid --- geneeskunde --- milieuhygiëne --- verkeer --- milieuzorg --- transport --- geografie --- reizen --- klimaatverandering
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Epidemiology --- Social medicine --- Environmentally induced diseases
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Air --- Pollution --- Health aspects.
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And conclusions -- Suggested readings -- Chapter 10: Evidence from toxicological and mechanistic studies -- Abstract -- Background -- Direct actions of vehicle exhaust emissions in biological systems -- TRAP and the lung -- TRAP and the cardiovascular system -- The lung to the peripheral organs -- The systemic effects of TRAP -- Conclusions, considerations, and implications -- Chapter 11: Biomarkers and omics of health effects associated with traffic-related air pollution -- Abstract -- The exposome and environmental pollutants
Internal combustion engines --- Air pollution. Air purification --- Road traffic
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