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The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. Volume XIX in the series focuses on the current trends and advances in both the foundations and practical applications of rough sets. It contains 7 extended and revised papers originally presented at the Workshop on Rough Set Applications, RSA 2012, held in Wroclaw, Poland, in September 2012. In addition, the book features 3 contributions in the category of short surveys and monographs on the topic.

Computer Science. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Numeric Computing. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Database Management. --- Computer science. --- Electronic data processing. --- Database management. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Informatique --- Bases de données --- Intelligence artificielle --- Reconnaissance optique des formes (Informatique) --- Gestion --- Computer Science --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mathematical logic. --- Numerical analysis. --- Pattern recognition. --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Mathematical analysis --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Informatics --- Science --- Artificial Intelligence. --- ADP (Data processing) --- Automatic data processing --- Data processing --- EDP (Data processing) --- IDP (Data processing) --- Integrated data processing --- Computers --- Office practice --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Automation --- Conjunts aproximats --- Conjunts borrosos --- Pattern perception. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.

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The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. Volume XVIII includes extensions of papers from the Joint Rough Set Symposium (JRS 2012), which was held in Chengdu, China, in August 2012. The seven papers that constitute this volume deal with topics such as: rough fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, multi-granulation rough sets, decision-theoretic rough sets, three-way decisions and their applications in attribute reduction, feature selection, overlapping clustering, data mining, cost-sensitive learning, face recognition, and spam filtering.

Computer science. --- Mathematical logic. --- Numerical analysis. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Pattern recognition. --- Computer Science. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Numeric Computing. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Electronic data processing. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- ADP (Data processing) --- Automatic data processing --- Data processing --- EDP (Data processing) --- IDP (Data processing) --- Integrated data processing --- Computers --- Office practice --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Automation --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Mathematical analysis --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- Conjunts aproximats --- Processament de dades --- Reconeixement de formes (Informàtica) --- Intel·ligència artificial --- Pattern perception. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical.

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In this book, the following three approaches to data analysis are presented:  - Test Theory, founded by Sergei V. Yablonskii (1924-1998); the first publications appeared in 1955 and 1958, -           Rough Sets, founded by Zdzisław I. Pawlak (1926-2006); the first publications appeared in 1981 and 1982, -           Logical Analysis of Data, founded by Peter L. Hammer (1936-2006); the first publications appeared in 1986 and 1988. These three approaches have much in common, but researchers active in one of these areas often have a limited knowledge about the results and methods developed in the other two. On the other hand, each of the approaches shows some originality and we believe that the exchange of knowledge can stimulate further development of each of them. This can lead to new theoretical results and real-life applications and, in particular, new results based on combination of these three data analysis approaches can be expected.

Applied physical engineering --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- gegevensanalyse --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- robots --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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The LNCS journal Transactions on Rough Sets is devoted to the entire spectrum of rough sets related issues, from logical and mathematical foundations, through all aspects of rough set theory and its applications, such as data mining, knowledge discovery, and intelligent information processing, to relations between rough sets and other approaches to uncertainty, vagueness, and incompleteness, such as fuzzy sets and theory of evidence. Volume XIX in the series focuses on the current trends and advances in both the foundations and practical applications of rough sets. It contains 7 extended and revised papers originally presented at the Workshop on Rough Set Applications, RSA 2012, held in Wroclaw, Poland, in September 2012. In addition, the book features 3 contributions in the category of short surveys and monographs on the topic.

Mathematical logic --- Numerical analysis --- Mathematical statistics --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- factoranalyse --- database management --- wiskunde --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- logica --- numerieke analyse --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)

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Thisvolumecontainsthepapersselectedforpresentationatthe5thInternational Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (RSCTC 2006) held in Kobe, Japan, November 6-8, 2006. There were 332 online submissions to RSCTC 2006 as well as two keynote papers, three plenary papers and two commemorative papers. Each submitted paper was reviewed by two or three referees. After a rigorous review process, the three PC chairs checked all the referees' comments and reviewed the papers again. As a result, 91 papers were selected for publication in this volume. The acceptance rate was only 27. 4%. RSCTCisanoutgrowthofaseriesofannualInternationalWorkshopsdevoted to the subject of roughsets, started in Poznan, Polandin 1992,and then held in Canada, the USA, Japan and China (RSKD, RSSC, RSFDGrC, RSGrC series). The?rstRSCTCconferencewasheldinWarsaw,Polandin1998. Itwasfollowed by successful RSCTC conferences in Ban?, Canada (2000), in Malvern, USA (2002) and in Uppsala, Sweden (2004). Rough set theory, proposed by Zdzis law Pawlak in 1982, has been attra- ing researchers and practitioners in various ?elds of science and technology. The interest in rough set theory and applications has been remarkable since the - ginning, and it is still growing. The ingenious concepts of rough sets have been a base for original developments in both theoretical research, including logics, algebra and topology, and applied research,including knowledge discovery, data mining, decision theory, arti?cial intelligence and approximate reasoning. The latter led to many real life applications in diversi?ed areas such as medicine, bioinformatics, economy, ?nance, political analysis, chemistry, engineering, - vironment, and even art and culture.

Mathematical logic --- Information systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- beeldverwerking --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- bedrijfseconomie --- informatiesystemen --- database management --- wiskunde --- informatica management --- logica --- robots