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Before the Bible reveals the landscape of scripture in an era prior to the crystallization of the rabbinic Bible and the canonization of the Christian Bible. Most accounts of the formation of the Hebrew Bible trace the origins of scripture through source critical excavation of the archaeological "tel" of the Bible or the analysis of the scribal hand on manuscripts in text-critical work. But the discoveries in the Dead Sea Scrolls have transformed our understanding of scripture formation. Judith Newman focuses not on the putative origins and closure of the Bible but on the reasons why scriptures remained open, with pluriform growth in the Hellenistic-Roman period.Drawing on new methods from cognitive neuroscience and the social sciences as well as traditional philological and literary analysis, Before the Bible argues that the key to understanding the formation of scripture is the widespread practice of individual and communal prayer in early Judaism. The figure of the teacher as a learned and pious sage capable of interpreting and embodying the tradition is central to understanding this revelatory phenomenon. The book considers the entwinement of prayer and scriptural formation in five books reflecting the diversity of early Judaism: Ben Sira, Daniel, Jeremiah/Baruch, Second Corinthians, and the Qumran Hodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns). While not a complete taxonomy of scripture formation, the book illuminates performative dynamics that have been largely ignored as well as the generative role of interpretive tradition in accounts of how the Bible came to be.

Prayer --- Judaism --- 296*515 --- 296*51 --- 296*51 Joodse liturgie --- Joodse liturgie --- 296*515 Geschiedenis van de joodse liturgie en verschillende riten: Asjkenazi; Sefardisch; Jemenitisch --- Geschiedenis van de joodse liturgie en verschillende riten: Asjkenazi; Sefardisch; Jemenitisch --- Jews --- Religions --- Semites --- Prayer (Judaism) --- Liturgy&delete& --- History --- Religion --- Bible. --- Antico Testamento --- Hebrew Bible --- Hebrew Scriptures --- Kitve-ḳodesh --- Miḳra --- Old Testament --- Palaia Diathēkē --- Pentateuch, Prophets, and Hagiographa --- Sean-Tiomna --- Stary Testament --- Tanakh --- Tawrāt --- Torah, Neviʼim, Ketuvim --- Torah, Neviʼim u-Khetuvim --- Velho Testamento --- Canon. --- Liturgy

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During the past few decades a great amount of scholarly work has been done on the various prayer cultures of antiquity, both Graeco-Roman and Jewish and Christian. In Jewish studies this burgeoning research on ancient prayer has been stimulated particularly by the many new prayer texts found at Qumran, which have shed new light on several long-standing problems. The present volume intends to make a new contribution to the ongoing scholarly debate on ancient Jewish prayer texts by focusing on a limited set of prayer texts, scil. , a small number of those that have been preserved only in Greek. Jewish prayers in Greek tend to be undervalued, which is regrettable because these prayers shed light on sometimes striking aspects of early Jewish spirituality in the centuries around the turn of the era. In this volume twelve such prayers have been collected, translated, and provided with an extensive historical and philological commentary. They have been preserved on papyrus, on stone, and as part of Christian church orders into which some of them have been incorporated in a christianized from. For that reason these prayers are of great interest to scholars of both early Judaism and ancient Christianity.

Judaism --- Greek literature --- Prayer --- Jews --- Liturgy --- History and criticism. --- Jewish authors --- History --- Judaism. --- Civilization --- Greek influences. --- 296*517 --- Hellenistic Judaism --- Judaism, Hellenistic --- Prayer (Judaism) --- Religions --- Semites --- Specifieke joodse gebeden (genre's): Beracha, 18-gebed--, enz. --- Religion --- Greek literature. --- Greek literature --Jewish authors --History and criticism. --- Jews. --- Jews --Civilization --Greek influences. --- Judaism --History --Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. --- Judaism --Liturgy --Texts --History and criticism. --- Judaism --Prayers and devotions --History and criticism. --- Prayer. --- Prayer --Judaism. --- Philosophy & Religion --- History and criticism --- Greek influences --- 296*517 Specifieke joodse gebeden (genre's): Beracha, 18-gebed--, enz. --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Balkan literature --- Byzantine literature --- Classical literature --- Classical philology --- Greek philology --- Jewish authors&delete& --- Civilization&delete& --- Liturgy&delete& --- Specifieke joodse gebeden (genre's): Beracha, 18-gebed--, enz --- Texts --- Judaism - Liturgy - Texts - History and criticism. --- Greek literature - Jewish authors - History and criticism. --- Judaism - Prayers and devotions - History and criticism. --- Judaism - History - Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. --- Prayer - Judaism. --- Jews - Civilization - Greek influences. --- Jewish Prayers. --- Jewish Spirituality.

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Religious studies --- Sociology of religion

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Religious studies --- Sociology of religion