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This book addresses ways that governments, international organizations, and other stakeholders can utilize data to uncover illicit trade in materials and equipment that could be used to support chemical, biological, nuclear, and advanced conventional weapons systems. Key concepts of strategic trade are introduced, including examples of strategic goods and their potential uses in weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and weapons systems, the interplay between the Harmonized System and strategic trade control regimes, and the data available for analysis in the field. Innovative, yet practical methodologies to analyze strategic trade cover the use of crime scripts, risk assessment indicators, mirror statistics, market share analysis, and transshipment and re-export analysis. There are also chapters on leading-edge techniques involving machine learning and network analysis that have shown promise in other areas of crime and illicit trade investigations. Each chapter provides step-by-step instructions on applying the technique, numerous case studies and examples, and discussions of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. This volume is designed to provide all types of analysts with practical pathways for understanding, detecting, and disrupting illicit procurement of materials and equipment needed to produce WMDs and advanced weapons.

Politics --- Criminology. Victimology --- Law --- Polemology --- Military engineering --- veiligheid (mensen) --- politiek --- defensie --- Commercial statistics --- Trade regulation. --- Data processing.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) provides funding, program guidance, and technical assistance to improve communities' ability to rapidly provide life-saving medications in response to a large-scale bioterrorist attack, naturally occurring disease outbreak, or other public health emergency. Focusing on both capacities and operational capabilities, the authors examine (1) the current status of communities' operational capability to meet CRI program goals related to delivering medical countermeasures within 48 hours of a federal decision to deploy assets and (2) whether there is evidence that CRI has improved communities' capability to meet the 48-hour goal. Analysis shows that, overall, state capacity appears to be strong; CRI appears to have improved state capacity, but the data are not conclusive. Performance across Metropolitan Statistical Areas varies considerably, as does performance in particular functional areas. The authors also note that testing of operational capabilities has not been conducted at a large enough scale to measure readiness for the 48-hour scenario, recommending that jurisdictions be required to conduct drills at a larger scale. Other proposed recommendations include improving CDC feedback to jurisdictions, attempting to leverage assessments of non-CRI sites as a comparison group, and assessing program cost-effectiveness.

Disaster Planning --- Efficiency, Organizational. --- Program Evaluation. --- organization & administration. --- Cities Readiness Initiative.

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While the current system of care for treating rare but serious infectious diseases—which was developed in response to the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak—provides an important foundation, a number of issues remain. In particular, a system of care must be able to sustain capacity and capabilities, manage the distribution of needed resources, and meet high demand for services. In this report, RAND researchers consider the need to strengthen the current system of care, discuss potential opportunities, and identify key financial considerations for the sustainability of the system. This research suggests that the United States may benefit from a strengthened or more formalized system of care for rare but serious infectious diseases. The authors identify several opportunities to strengthen the current system of care, including enhancing or building upon the three tiers of acute care facilities that were established during the Ebola outbreak of 2014–2016, developing a brain trust of clinicians and others who can provide advice to health care providers, using mobile teams, and enhancing air and ground systems for safely transferring infected patients. The authors also lay the groundwork for future discussions around key financial considerations to ensure the sustainability of a system of care for rare but serious infectious diseases.

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Antibiotics. --- Emergency management. --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Disasters --- Emergencies --- Emergency management --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Management --- Public safety --- First responders --- Anti-infective agents --- Microbial metabolites --- Allelopathic agents --- Antibiosis --- Pharmaceutical microbiology --- Phytoncides --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention

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As a continuation of RAND Corporation and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation efforts to capture how people in the United States think about, value, and prioritize issues of health, well-being, and health equity, a longitudinal survey is being deployed to aid in understanding how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this report, the authors present the results of the third of four waves of the COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Survey, fielded during winter 2021, with particular focus on populations deemed at risk or underserved, including people of color and those from low- to moderate-income backgrounds. The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the role of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations. In this wave, we included questions about vaccine uptake. The authors summarize detailed top-line results for each of the questions included in the survey and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample.