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Much of the urban research focuses on the large metropolitan areas in South Africa. This book assesses spatial planning in the second-tier cities of the country. Secondary cities are vital as they perform essential regional, and in some cases, global economic roles and help to distribute the population of a country more evenly across its surface. Apartheid planning left South African cities fragmented segregated and with low densities. Post-apartheid policies aim to reverse these realities by emphasising integration, higher densities and upgrading. Achieving these aims has been challenging and often the historical patterns continue. The evidence shows that two opposing patterns prevail, namely increased densities and continued urban sprawl. This book presents ten case studies of spatial planning and spatial transformation in secondary cities of South Africa. The book frames these case studies against complexity theory and suggests that the post-apartheid response to apartheid planning represents a linear deviation from history. The ten case studies then reveal how difficult it is for local decision-makers to find appropriate responses and how current responses often result in contradictory results. Often these cities are highly vulnerable and they find it difficult to plan in the context of uncertainty. The book also highlights how these cities find it difficult to stand on their own against the influence of interest groups (property developers, mining companies, traditional authorities, other spheres of government). The main reasons include weak municipal finance statements, the dependence on national and provincial government for capital expenditure, limited investment in infrastructure maintenance, the lack of planning capacity, the inability to implement plans and the unintended and sometimes contrary outcomes of post-apartheid planning policies.

City & town planning - architectural aspects --- Secondary cities --- spatial transformation --- Secondary cities and research and policy in South Africa --- spatial planning --- Post-apartheid spatial policy --- complex spaces --- Complex adaptive systems --- Socioecological systems --- Implications for planning in complex systems --- Adaptive co-evolution --- Collaborative and adaptive planning and leadership --- Urban sprawl --- Gated estates --- Drakenstein Municipality’s spatial problems --- sprawl --- Policy for spatial containment --- Spatial planning for the Limpopo energy hub --- Mining booms and busts --- Settlement planning and housing policy for mining towns --- Infrastructure --- Spatial change --- Spatial transformation and complexity --- Complexity of planning in Mahikeng --- Planning in a difficult space --- Policy and planning frameworks --- Demographics --- Planning for spatial transformation --- Matjhabeng: planning in the face of the Free State Goldfields decline --- Context and changes in Matjhabeng --- Welkom’s economy and global market forces --- Spatial changes in Matjhabeng --- 1990–2013 --- Spatial planning in Matjhabeng: 1994–2018 --- The 2005/2006 spatial development framework --- The 2013 spatial development framework --- The 2015 Matjhabeng by-laws --- Precinct plans --- realistic plans in a situation of economic stagnation --- Mbombela: a growing provincial capital and tourism destination --- Spatial and population change --- Municipal infrastructure --- Main spatial challenges --- Spatial priorities and plans --- N4 Maputo corridor --- Participatory planning --- Balancing urban and rural land development --- Integrated development --- Msunduzi: spatially integrating Kwazulu-Natal’s diverse capital --- the contribution of the spatial development framework to spatial transformation --- Factors affecting spatial change in Polokwane Local Municipality --- Settlement hierarchy --- Corridors and transportation --- Water and sanitation infrastructure --- Spatial planning problems in Rustenburg --- Internal dynamics that hinder spatial transformation --- External dynamics that hinder spatial transformation --- Quality of the spatial development framework and planning process --- Spatial planning and complexity lessons --- Complexity as a lens to assess spatial planning instruments --- Interconnected nodes and car-free transport --- Optimal land use --- Resource custodianship --- Promotion of agriculture and food production --- and preservation of heritage --- Complexity in spatial planning for Stellenbosch Municipality --- complexity theory and spatial change

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This book is interdisciplinary and provides a cross-sectoral and multi-dimensional exploration and assessment of the urban geography perspectives in Zimbabwe. Drawing on work from different disciplines, the book not only contributes to academia but also seeks to inform urban policy with the view of contributing to the national aspirations of Zimbabwe attaining middle-income status by 2030. Adopting a multi-dimensional assessment that transcends disciplines such as urban and regional planning, human and physical geography, urban governance, political science, economics and development studies, the book provides a background for co-production concerning urban development in the Global South. The book contributes into its analysis of the institutional and legislative framework that relates to the urban geography of Zimbabwe, as these are responsible for the evolution of the urban system in the country. The connections among different sectors and issues such as environment, economy, politics and the wider objectives of the SDGs, especially goal 11 aspiring to create sustainable communities by 2030, are explored. The success stories relating to urban geography in Zimbabwe are identified together with the best possible practices that may inform urban planning, policy and management.

Economics --- Geography --- economie --- geografie

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This book is interdisciplinary and provides a cross-sectoral and multi-dimensional exploration and assessment of the urban geography perspectives in Zimbabwe. Drawing on work from different disciplines, the book not only contributes to academia but also seeks to inform urban policy with the view of contributing to the national aspirations of Zimbabwe attaining middle-income status by 2030. Adopting a multi-dimensional assessment that transcends disciplines such as urban and regional planning, human and physical geography, urban governance, political science, economics and development studies, the book provides a background for co-production concerning urban development in the Global South. The book contributes into its analysis of the institutional and legislative framework that relates to the urban geography of Zimbabwe, as these are responsible for the evolution of the urban system in the country. The connections among different sectors and issues such as environment, economy, politics and the wider objectives of the SDGs, especially goal 11 aspiring to create sustainable communities by 2030, are explored. The success stories relating to urban geography in Zimbabwe are identified together with the best possible practices that may inform urban planning, policy and management.

Geography. --- Public policy. --- Sustainable development. --- Regional economics. --- Spatial economics. --- Geography, general. --- Public Policy. --- Sustainable Development. --- Regional/Spatial Science. --- Spatial economics --- Economics --- Regional economics --- Regional planning --- Regionalism --- Space in economics --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Environmental aspects --- City planning --- Urban geography --- City planning. --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Geography --- Government policy --- Management

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This book is the first to consider the roles, challenges and governance responses of secondary cities in southern Africa to changing circumstances. Among the challenges are governance under conditions of resource scarcity, managing informality, the effects and responses to climate change and the changing roles of the cities within the national space economy. It fills the gap in the literature on secondary cities with original case studies drawn from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The authors are all African scholars, working and living in the region with intimate knowledge of the settings they describe. The book is critical as it includes such regional case studies of different secondary cities in Southern Africa but also because of it’s multidisciplinarity: it contains substantive and pertinent issues such as climate change, disaster management, local economic development, and basic services delivery. It considers diverse environments, yet with similar challenges that could provide useful policy and governance proposals for other cities.

Urban policy. --- Political science. --- Urban Policy. --- Governance and Government.