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With an approach that stresses the fundamental solid state behaviour of minerals, and with emphasis on both theory and experiment, this 1995 text surveys the physics and chemistry of earth materials. It starts with a systematic tour of crystal chemistry of both simple and complex structures (with completely new structural drawings) and discusses how structural and thermodynamic information is obtained experimentally. The quantitative concepts of chemical bonding - band theory, molecular orbit and ionic models - are reviewed. The book goes on to discuss physical properties and to relate microscopic features to macroscopic thermodynamic behaviour. The book then discusses high pressure phase transitions, amorphous materials and solid state reactions, and concludes with a look at the interface between mineral physics and materials science. Highly illustrated throughout, this book fills the gap between undergraduate texts and specialised review volumes, for students in earth sciences and materials science.
Matter. --- Materials. --- Minerals. --- Geochemistry.
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This book presents materials fundamentals of novel gate dielectrics that are being introduced into semiconductor manufacturing to ensure the continuous scalling of the CMOS devices. This is a very fast evolving field of research so we choose to focus on the basic understanding of the structure, thermodunamics, and electronic properties of these materials that determine their performance in device applications. Most of these materials are transition metal oxides. Ironically, the d-orbitals responsible for the high dielectric constant cause sever integration difficulties thus intrinsically limiting high-k dielectrics. Though new in the electronics industry many of these materials are wel known in the field of ceramics, and we describe this unique connection. The complexity of the structure-property relations in TM oxides makes the use of the state of the art first-principles calculations necessary. Several chapters give a detailed description of the modern theory of polarization, and heterojunction band discontinuity within the framework of the density functional theory. Experimental methods include oxide melt solution calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, Raman scattering and other optical characterization techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Many of the problems encounterd in the world of CMOS are also relvant for other semiconductors such as GaAs. A comprehensive review of recent developments in this field is thus also given. The book should be of interest to those actively engaged in the gate dielectric research, and to graduate students in Materials Science, Materials Physics, Materials Chemistry, and Electrical Engineering. .
Gate array circuits. --- Dielectrics. --- Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary. --- CMOS (Electronics) --- Complementary metal oxide semiconductors --- Semiconductors, Complementary metal oxide --- Digital electronics --- Logic circuits --- Transistor-transistor logic circuits --- Electrical engineering --- Electric insulators and insulation --- Gate arrays --- Integrated circuits --- Materials --- Physics. --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Optical materials. --- Computer engineering. --- Physics, general. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Computers --- Optics --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Design and construction --- Physical chemistry. --- Electronic materials. --- Electrical engineering. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Electronic materials
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Nanoparticles --- Environmental aspects --- Clay minerals. --- Nanoparticles. --- Environmental aspects. --- Clay minerals --- Nano-particles --- NPs (Nanoparticles) --- Nanostructured materials --- Particles --- Minerals, Clay --- Rock-forming minerals --- Silicate minerals --- Nanoscale particles --- Nanoparticles - Environmental aspects
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Electronics and optics of solids --- Physics --- Physicochemistry --- Electronics --- Computer. Automation --- informatica --- elektronica --- fysica --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders --- fysicochemie
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Chemical bonds. Valence --- Crystal chemistry --- fysicochemie
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Volume 44 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry contains descriptions of the inorganic and biological processes by which nanoparticles form, information about the distribution of nanoparticles in the atmosphere, aqueous environments, and soils, discussion of the impact of size on nanoparticle structure, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics, consideration of the nature of the smallest nanoparticles and molecular clusters, pathways for crystal growth and colloid formation, analysis of the size-dependence of phase stability and magnetic properties, and descriptions of methods for the study of nanoparticles. These questions are explored through both theoretical and experimental approaches.This volume was prepared in conjunction with a short course, "Nanoparticles in the Environment and Technology," convened on the campus of the University of California, Davis, CA on December 8 and 9, 2001.
Clay minerals. --- Nanoparticles. --- Nanoparticles --- Environmental aspects.
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