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Ivory --- Ivory industry --- Ivoire --- Commerce --- Industrie --- Convention on International Trade in endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) --- Asia --- CITES --- bioconservation --- endangered species --- wildlife trade --- Commerce.

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Operational research. Game theory --- Linear Programming --- Nonlinear programming

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Uncertainty is critical to economic theory, mainly because it either supports, or undermines, many significant debates within economic theory. Despite the significance of uncertainty, this book represents the first attempt to comprehensively trace the genealogy of uncertainty, which is a procedure that Nietzsche used in relation to morality; one of the subjects that become logically redundant in the absence of uncertainty. On the one hand, this logical redundancy is problematic when considered in isolation, given the practical importance of morality. On the other hand, this logical redundancy becomes even more problematic, given that, at one time, uncertainty was widely accepted as an important part of the philosophical system. Here uncertainty played a pivotal role, in terms of explaining practical decision-making. Such an appreciation of uncertainty has recently been set aside by modern philosophy, which argues quantities of human labour provide virtually all economic value. Such an explanation of economic value excludes uncertainty, the many qualitative contributions of nature, and morality, even when one acknowledged the contribution to the understanding of uncertainty, as proposed by Frank Knight, in 1921. However, in contrast to Knight, who looked toward recent philosophy so as to support the existence of uncertainty, this genealogy looks to support the significance of uncertainty by understanding the philosophy that supported the idea of uncertainty for thousands of years, before the philosophy of John Locke. Specifically, Locke excludes uncertainty from the analysis of practical decision-making in general, and from economic decision-making in particular. Accordingly, it can be anticipated that the enclosed genealogy will assist economists to more adequately develop the idea of uncertainty within economic theory.

Uncertainty.

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Provides an introduction to the applications, theory, and algorithms of linear and nonlinear optimization. The emphasis is on practical aspects - discussing modern algorithms, as well as the influence of theory on the interpretation of solutions or on the design of software. The book includes several examples of realistic optimization models that address important applications. The succinct style of this second edition is punctuated with numerous real-life examples and exercises, and the authors include accessible explanations of topics that are not often mentioned in textbooks, such as duality in nonlinear optimization, primal-dual methods for nonlinear optimization, filter methods, and applications such as support-vector machines. The book is designed to be flexible. It has a modular structure, and uses consistent notation and terminology throughout. It can be used in many different ways, in many different courses, and at many different levels of sophistication.

Linear programming --- Nonlinear programming --- Programmation linéaire --- Programmation non linéaire --- Linear Programming --- Linear programming. --- Nonlinear programming. --- Programmation linéaire --- Programmation non linéaire

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Lexicology. Semantics