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Public opinion --- Opinion publique --- History --- Histoire --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Foreign public opinion, Italian. --- Opinion publique italienne

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The article deals with the national character in Jules Michelet. Michelet supports an essentialist version of the character. According him, it is caused by natural elements: geography, food and the various regions that make up France. These elements are spiritualized over time: it is the history that gave rise to the character of the French. The result is the complete fusion of all differences in a nation-individual: a generous person towards humanity. The French character is contrasted with the English character: selfish, greedy, all devoted to work and earnings. It is precisely because of their different characters that France has given the world the Revolution and England the Industrial Revolution, a phenomenon that mechanizes work, that destroys the body and soul of the workers.

Character.

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The theory of national characters sees an individual in every nation. Each individual has a body, a face, a character. The same goes for nations: every nation has a body (the land), a face (the fisionomy), a character. Kind or bad, active or passive, idle or diligent, feminine or masculine, every nation expresses a principle. A single principle, different from that of every other nation. What makes a nation possess a certain character? Authors are divided on this matter: according some it is the climate (both for the influence it exerts and for the reaction it provokes), according someone else it is history, and we find among the possible causes language, race, territory, religion, institutions, customs or a set of all (or part of) these elements. The volume examines this theme in Hippocrates, Aristotle, Bodin, Dubos, Kant, Leopardi, Cuoco, Michelet.

Nationalism