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Southeast Asian tiger economies feel threatened by competition from other countries and worry that their growth momentum might be flagging. Even though their growth rates are above the average for the world and for developing countries, they fall short of yesterday's economic performance. The underlying worry is that they presage the beginning of a downward trend, the harbingers of which are lower rates of investment, persistently low rates of total factor productivity and low levels of innovativeness. The South East Asian tigers' worries motivate three questions: First, are the tigers rightly

Industries --- Industrial policy --- Technological innovations --- Industrie --- Politique industrielle --- Innovations --- Marketing --- Industrial policy -- Malaysia. --- Malaysia -- Industries. --- Technological innovations -- Economic aspects -- Malaysia. --- Business & Economics --- Economic aspects --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer

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A great burst of globalization brought the 20th century to a close, creating upheaval in the world economy from roughly 1995 to 2008. And now a second upheaveal is in the offing following the severe financial crisis that plunged the global economy into recession in 2008-09. The first upheaval witnessed a massive migration of manufacturing and certain business services that transformed Asia into the industrial heartland of the world. The second upheaval will likely consolidate Asia's industrial preeminence and could result in a concentration of industrial activities in the two most populous and

China -- Economic policy -- 2000-. --- China -- Foreign economic relations. --- India -- Economic policy -- 1991-. --- India -- Foreign economic relations. --- Industrialization -- Asia. --- Industrialization -- China. --- Industrialization -- India. --- Industrialization --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- China --- India --- Economic policy --- Foreign economic relations. --- Industrial development --- Economic development --- Deindustrialization --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Indo --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- インド --- هند --- Индия

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Beijing and Shanghai comprise the axes of China's two leading urban regions. Their economic fortunes will affect the overall growth of China. The economic composition of the two megacities differs significantly and the future sources of competitive advantage also lie in different areas although there is some overlap. Shanghai with its diverse industrial base is the industrial powerhouse of China. Its strongest growth prospects still lie in activities associated with manufacturing industry buttressed by improvements in the technological and innovation capabilities of domestic firms and supporte

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Beijing (China) --- Shanghai (China) --- Economic policy. --- Shanghai --- Changhaï (China) --- Shang-hai (China) --- Shang hai shi (China) --- Shanghai Shi (China) --- Shanghai Municipality (China) --- Shanghai Shi ren min zheng fu (China) --- Shankhaĭ (China) --- Xangai (China) --- 上海 (China) --- Ṣămhayi (China) --- Beijing Shi (China) --- Begejing (China) --- Begejing Qota (China) --- Bėėzhin (China) --- Бээжин (China) --- Peiping (China) --- Peping (China) --- Pekin (China) --- Pei-ching shih (China) --- Pei-pʻing shih (China) --- Peking (China) --- Pukkyŏng (China) --- Beijing Municipality (China) --- Bei Jing Shi (China) --- Pei-ching (China) --- Pechino (China) --- Pequim (China) --- Peiping Municipal Administrative Area (China) --- Peiping Municipality (China) --- Peking Municipality (China) --- Bījīn (China) --- Dadu (China) --- Daidu (China) --- 北京 (China) --- Beiping Tebieshi zheng fu --- Beiping Shi zheng fu --- Beiping Shi di fang wei chi hui --- Beijing di fang wei chi hui --- Beijing Tebieshi zheng fu --- Beijing Tebieshi gong shu --- Beijing Shi ren min zheng fu --- Beijing Shi ren min wei yuan hui --- Beijing Shi ge ming wei yuan hui --- Bewoning leefgemeenschap. --- Geografie --- Sociale geografie --- Bewoning en leefgemeenschap. --- S03/0631 --- S03/0633 --- S11/0470 --- China: Geography, description and travel--Beijing (incl. concessions) --- China: Geography, description and travel--Shanghai (incl. concessions) --- China: Social sciences--Cities: since 1949 --- Chang-hai (China) --- Schanghai (China) --- 上海市(China) --- 上海市人民政府 (China) --- Шанхай (China) --- Śangqai (China)

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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China is increasing its outlay on research and development and seeking to build an innovation system that will deliver quick results not just in absorbing technology but also in pushing the technological envelope. China's spending on R&D rose from 1.1 percent of GDP in 2000 to 1.3 percent of GDP in 2005. On a purchasing power parity basis, China's research outlay was among the world's highest, far greater than that of Brazil, India, or Mexico. Chinese firms are active in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, alternative energy sources, and nanotechnology. This surge in spending has been parallel by a sharp increase in patent applications in China, with the bulk of the patents registered in the areas of electronics, information technology, and telecoms. However, of the almost 50,000 patents granted in China, nearly two-thirds were to nonresidents. This paper considers two questions that are especially important for China. First, how might China go about accelerating technology development? Second, what measures could most cost-effectively deliver the desired outcomes? It concludes that although the level of financing for R&D is certainly important, technological advance is closely keyed to absorptive capacity which is a function of the volume and quality of talent and the depth as well as the heterogeneity of research experience. It is also a function of how companies maximize the commercial benefits of research and development, and the coordination of research with production and marketing.

Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems --- Agriculture --- E-Business --- Education --- Electronics --- Engineering --- Equipment --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Industry --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information technology --- Innovations --- Nanotechnology --- New technologies --- Private Sector Development --- Rural Development --- Technological capabilities --- Technological Capability --- Technology Industry --- Technology transfer --- Tertiary Education