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Murtin examines the long-term causes of health improvements over the last two centuries. Focusing on the relative importance of income and education, Murtin finds that education alone accounts for the bulk of health improvements since 1870, and explains the strong correlation between longevity and income, which is highly correlated with education. Conversely, the book shows that progress in longevity has had dramatic consequences on societies, as it reduced fertility, triggered the spread of education, spurred economic growth, and improved 'prosperity' in a way that is comparable to the long-term rise in income. Health and Prosperity sheds light on the real cost of health systems in the 21st century.
Medical economics --- Health care reform --- Medical care --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Status Indicators --- Longevity --- Economic Development --- Health Services --- Health Surveys --- Physiological Phenomena --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Economics --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services Administration --- Aging --- Health Care --- Phenomena and Processes --- Social Sciences --- Data Collection --- Growth and Development --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Epidemiologic Methods --- Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms --- Physiological Processes --- Investigative Techniques --- Public Health --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Environment and Public Health --- Medical Economics --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Sciences - General --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Medical economics. --- Health care reform. --- Medical care. --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Health reform --- Health system reform --- Healthcare reform --- Medical care reform --- Reform of health care delivery --- Reform of medical care delivery --- Economics, Medical --- Health --- Health economics --- Hygiene --- Medicine --- Economic aspects --- Medical policy --- Health insurance --- Public health --- Public finance. --- Schools of economics. --- Microeconomics. --- Macroeconomics. --- Health economics. --- Public Economics. --- Heterodox Economics. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Health Economics. --- Economics schools of thought --- Schools of economic thought --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Currency question --- Price theory --- Public finances
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Murtin examines the long-term causes of health improvements over the last two centuries. Focusing on the relative importance of income and education, Murtin finds that education alone accounts for the bulk of health improvements since 1870, and explains the strong correlation between longevity and income, which is highly correlated with education. Conversely, the book shows that progress in longevity has had dramatic consequences on societies, as it reduced fertility, triggered the spread of education, spurred economic growth, and improved 'prosperity' in a way that is comparable to the long-term rise in income. Health and Prosperity sheds light on the real cost of health systems in the 21st century.
Macroeconomics --- Microeconomics --- Public finance --- Public economics --- Economics --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- economie --- gezondheidseconomie --- macro-economie --- micro-economie --- overheidsfinanciën --- anno 2000-2099
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South Africa has achieved remarkable progress in educational attainment relative to other emerging countries, but the quality of basic education for a large fraction of the Black African population is still very low. This study identifies several hurdles to the upgrading of basic education quality, such as the lack of investment in school infrastructure and learning materials in disadvantaged areas, uneven administrative capacity at the local level, low teacher quality and poor teaching of English among Black Africans. Bold action is recommended to empower schools with more physical resources, more competent school leadership and an accountable teacher workforce. Skill mismatches of supply and demand on the labour market may be further addressed by vocational education reforms and an alleviation of credit constraints at the tertiary level.
Education --- Economics --- South Africa
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South Africa has achieved remarkable progress in educational attainment relative to other emerging countries, but the quality of basic education for a large fraction of the Black African population is still very low. This study identifies several hurdles to the upgrading of basic education quality, such as the lack of investment in school infrastructure and learning materials in disadvantaged areas, uneven administrative capacity at the local level, low teacher quality and poor teaching of English among Black Africans. Bold action is recommended to empower schools with more physical resources, more competent school leadership and an accountable teacher workforce. Skill mismatches of supply and demand on the labour market may be further addressed by vocational education reforms and an alleviation of credit constraints at the tertiary level.
Education --- Economics --- South Africa
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Over the last two centuries, many countries experienced regime transitions toward democracy. We document this democratic transition over a long time horizon. We use historical time series of income, education and democracy levels from 1870 to 2000 to explore the economic factors associated with rising levels of democracy. We find that primary schooling, and to a weaker extent per capita income levels, are strong determinants of the quality of political institutions. We find little evidence of causality running the other way, from democracy to income or education.
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This paper applies the Inclusive Growth framework to the OECD Regional Well-being Database in order to compute multidimensional living standards (MDLS) among OECD regions from the early 2000s to 2012. MDLS are based on the equivalent income approach, where, for different income groups, the monetised value of health status and unemployment are added to disposable income and aggregated with a generalised mean function to allow inequality to be taken into account. Results highlight that, due to the spatial concentration of good and bad outcomes, regional disparities are amplified when observed through the lens of MDLS as opposed to income-based regional disparities. The paper also shows that people living in metropolitan regions experienced, on average, higher levels of MDLS but also a sharper decline during the economic crisis. Growth of MDLS in metropolitan regions during this period was characterised by a higher contribution of life expectancy and a lower contribution of income inequality with respect to the other regions.
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This paper applies the Inclusive Growth framework to the OECD Regional Well-being Database in order to compute multidimensional living standards (MDLS) among OECD regions from the early 2000s to 2012. MDLS are based on the equivalent income approach, where, for different income groups, the monetised value of health status and unemployment are added to disposable income and aggregated with a generalised mean function to allow inequality to be taken into account. Results highlight that, due to the spatial concentration of good and bad outcomes, regional disparities are amplified when observed through the lens of MDLS as opposed to income-based regional disparities. The paper also shows that people living in metropolitan regions experienced, on average, higher levels of MDLS but also a sharper decline during the economic crisis. Growth of MDLS in metropolitan regions during this period was characterised by a higher contribution of life expectancy and a lower contribution of income inequality with respect to the other regions.
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This paper assesses some welfare consequences of climate change mitigation policies. In the same vein as Becker, Philipson and Soares (2005), a simple index of economic progress weighs in the monetary cost induced by mitigation policies as well as the health benefits arising from the reduction in local air pollution. The shadow price of pollution is calculated indirectly through its impact on life expectancy. Taking into account the health benefits of mitigation policies significantly reduces their monetary cost in China and India, as well as in countries with large fossil-based energy-producing sectors (Australia, Canada and the United States).
Environment --- Economics
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