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The development of thermodynamics in the second half of the 19th century has had a strong impact on both technology and natural philosophy. It is true that the steam engine for the conversion of heat into work existed before thermodynamics was developed as a branch of physics. However, the systematic theory improved the conversion process, and it succeeded in developing other processes essential to modern life, notably refrigeration and rectification. So, altogether thermodynamics has provided humanity with cheap energy, and cheap fuel, -- consequently with cheap, and abundant, and unspoiled food. Thus thermodynamics has made populations grow, and life expectancy increase beyond anything people could possibly have imagined 200 years ago. At the same time thermodynamics has uncovered the precarious balance between determinism and stochasticity which is essential to processes on earth, including life. The competition of those intentions is described by the doctrine of energy and entropy in thermodynamics; energy tends to force a system into one single state, and entropy tends to spread the system evenly over all possible states. These competing tendencies are weighted by temperature such that minimal energy determines cold systems. The knowledge gained by thermodynamic research led to quantum mechanics, whose rules become predominant at low temperatures, and to stellar physics, where temperature is high enough to make relativity theory essential. The expansion of thermodynamic technology and natural philosophy is reviewed in the book along with the struggles and fates of some of the engineers and physicists who pioneered the development.

Thermodynamics. --- Dynamics. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Statics

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Thermodynamics --- Thermochemie --- Thermochemie.

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The book provides a systematic introduction into the fundamental ideas of thermodynamics at a somewhat advanced level. And it exhibits many applications of the theory in the fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, physical chemistry, and materials science. The universal equations of balance are strictly separated from the constitutive equations which characterize the behavior of material bodies, mostly gases, vapors, and liquids. Some selected solids like rubber, gels and shape memory alloys are considered as well. Both authors have taught students of the subject for many years at the Technical University of Berlin, and they have actively participated in modern research in thermodynamics. Historical annotations offer some relaxing moments for the reader.

Power resources. --- Thermodynamics -- Industrial applications. --- Thermodynamics. --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Thermodynamics --- Physics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Engineering. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Physical sciences --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Mechanical engineering

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Public law. Constitutional law --- Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Germany

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Materials --- Thermodynamics --- Thermal properties