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"This work argues that current cryptocurrency regulation, particularly in the areas of enforcement and compliance, is inadequate. It proposes reflexive regulation as an alternative approach. This book provides strategies for a reflexive regulation approach to cryptocurrencies, developed through the identification of the internal self-regulatory mechanisms of the cryptocurrency system. Apportioning blame for current problems to the regulators' failure to take into account the inherent technical features of cryptocurrencies, the work promotes reflexive regulation in which the law acts at a subsystem-specific level to install, correct, and redefine democratic self-regulatory mechanisms. It provides strategies for this approach, developed through the identification of the internal self-regulatory mechanisms of the cryptocurrency system. These are identified as imbedded in the technical functionality of computer code and consensus-based distributive governance mechanisms respectively. In addition to providing a technical, historical and legal overview of cryptocurrencies, the book concludes by providing recommendations aimed at redirecting code and consensus towards achieving regulatory goals. In this way, it draws from the theory of reflexive law, in order to provide both a substantive and jurisprudential perspective on the regulation of cryptocurrencies and to illustrate how Financial Technology (Fintech) regulation can only be effective once regulators consider both the 'Fin' and the 'tech' in their regulatory approaches. The book will be of interest to researchers, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of Financial Regulation and Jurisprudence, Financial Crime, Banking Regulation, Information Systems, and Information Technology"--

Cryptocurrencies --- Electronic funds transfers --- Law and legislation.

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Quantum technologies are expected to lead to new products and services having potentially transformative impacts across many sectors. However, despite the numerous opportunities, the development and application of quantum technologies also pose several challenges that will need to be addressed if the benefits of the technologies are to be fully realised. This report analyses the landscape associated with the development and adoption of quantum technologies in the life sciences sector with a particular focus on quantum computers and quantum simulators. Through a detailed literature review, interviews with a range of stakeholders and a comprehensive scientometric analysis, the work examines the key trends and the challenges and opportunities associated with the application of quantum computers and simulators to the life sciences. The work synthesises evidence - both qualitative and quantitative - on various aspects associated with the global quantum computers and simulators and life sciences research ecosystem including growing research areas and key countries, institutions, companies and funders that are engaged in emerging quantum computer and simulator research. The research presented in this report will be of interest to a range of stakeholders including those in academia and industry, policymakers and more generally to anyone interested in the development, adoption and impact of emerging technologies.