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Evaluation of two program supporting global family planning data needs : summary
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Year: 2018

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In 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched two programs to help monitor progress toward a new global goal to increase modern contraceptive use by 2020. The Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) program aimed to support annual, rapid-turnaround, nationally representative surveys of households and service delivery points in nine countries. Track20 was designed to support global standardization of key family planning indicators and country-level monitoring and capacity-building in 22 countries. This summary of an evaluation of both programs is based on interviews with more than 260 stakeholders in the United States and 15 program countries, statistical analysis of the PMA2020 survey, and analysis of stakeholder ratings of data maturity and sustainability. Stakeholders felt that PMA2020 has successfully conducted annual, rapid-turnaround surveys with high-quality data. However, it has not fully achieved its original objectives of promoting data use, meeting local data needs, or integrating PMA2020 into country data systems. The team's statistical analysis of PMA2020 surveys identified opportunities for modifications in survey frequency, design, and content. Stakeholders felt that Track20 is on target to achieve most of its objectives. Monitoring and evaluation officers are the core of Track20 in program countries: They are highly skilled personnel, typically embedded within ministries of health, giving them ready access to decisionmakers. The RAND research team recommended that both programs promote country-driven agendas for data collection, use, and ownership; intensify focus on data use; and plan for and measure data maturity and data system sustainability. The research team also recommended a new program--Data for Action Training Activity for Family Planning (DATA-FP)--to increase country capacity for data system management.

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Book
Bridging the gap : developing a tool to support local civilian and military disaster preparedness
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Year: 2012 Publisher: Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation,

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"Against a backdrop of terrorist threats, natural disasters, and heightened concern about pandemic influenza, national security policy is now based on an all-hazards approach to disaster preparedness planning. Effective local planning is critical to disaster preparedness. Military installations and their civilian counterparts -- local government and local health-care providers -- can strengthen local-level disaster preparedness planning. This is the second report of a larger study aiming to develop planning support tools for local military and civilian planners. It describes a prototype tool that focuses on risk-informed, capabilities-based planning to determine (and address gaps in) the capabilities and resources a locality will likely require in the event of a disaster, with the prototype demonstration focusing on earthquakes, hurricanes, and pandemic influenza. The report also describes two social networking tools for local coordination of disaster preparedness and sharing of resources."--Provided by publisher


Book
Bridging the gap : prototype tools to support local disaster preparedness planning and collaboration
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0833079883 0833076833 9780833079886 9780833076830 Year: 2012 Publisher: Santa Monica, California : RAND Corporation,

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U.S. policymakers have stepped up systematic disaster preparedness efforts sharply since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, including the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and a plethora of federal initiatives. Against a backdrop of natural disasters that occur each year in the United States and heightened concern about pandemic influenza, there is an emerging national consensus that the best path is an all-hazards approach to disaster preparedness planning and that effective local planning is critical. Military installations and their civilian counterparts-local government and local health-care providers, especially the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs-can strengthen local-level disaster preparedness planning. This report describes the prototype capabilities-based planning tool that RAND developed and the two prototype networking tools that RAND adapted to help local military and civilian planners collaborate in disaster preparedness.

Keywords

Emergency management --- North America --- Government Programs --- Disasters --- Environment --- Social Sciences --- Americas --- Geographic Locations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Geographicals --- United States --- Disaster Planning --- Civil Defense --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Welfare & Social Work - General --- Emergency Preparedness --- Civil Defenses --- Defense, Civil --- Defenses, Civil --- Preparedness, Emergency --- Disaster Relief Planning --- Disaster Relief Plannings --- Planning, Disaster --- Planning, Disaster Relief --- Plannings, Disaster Relief --- Relief Planning, Disaster --- Relief Plannings, Disaster --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Science, Social --- Sciences, Social --- Social Science --- Environmental Impact --- Environmental Impacts --- Impact, Environmental --- Impacts, Environmental --- Environments --- Natural Disaster --- Natural Disasters --- Disaster --- Disaster, Natural --- Disasters, Natural --- Government Sponsored Programs --- Government-Sponsored Programs --- Government Program --- Government Sponsored Program --- Government-Sponsored Program --- Program, Government --- Program, Government Sponsored --- Program, Government-Sponsored --- Programs, Government --- Programs, Government Sponsored --- Programs, Government-Sponsored --- United States Department of Homeland Security --- Environmental Health --- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident --- National Health Programs


Book
The future of health care in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq : toward an effective, high-quality system with an emphasis on primary care
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0833086324 9780833086327 9780833085788 0833085786 0833086111 9780833086112 Year: 2014 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] RAND Health

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At the request of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), RAND researchers undertook a yearlong analysis of the health care system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, with a focus on primary care. RAND staff reviewed available literature on the Kurdistan Region and information relevant to primary care; interviewed a wide range of policy leaders, health practitioners, patients, and government officials to gather information and understand their priorities; collected and studied all available data related to health resources, services, and conditions; and projected future supply and demand for health services in the Kurdistan Region; and laid out the health financing challenges and questions. In this volume, the authors describe the strengths of the health care system in the Kurdistan Region as well as the challenges it faces. The authors suggest that a primary care-oriented health care system could help the KRG address many of these challenges. The authors discuss how such a system might be implemented and financed, and they make recommendations for better utilizing resources to improve the quality, access, effectiveness, and efficiency of primary care.--

Keywords

Medical care --- Primary care (Medicine) --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Comprehensive Health Care --- Health Resources --- Patient Care Management --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Care --- Social Control, Formal --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Services Administration --- Health Manpower --- Health Planning --- Primary Health Care --- Primary Healthcare --- Primary Care --- Care, Primary --- Care, Primary Health --- Health Care, Primary --- Healthcare, Primary --- PL93-641 --- Public Law 93-641 --- Health and Welfare Planning --- National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 --- Planning, Health and Welfare --- State Health Planning, United States --- Planning, Health --- Public Law 93 641 --- Health Workforce --- Manpower, Health --- Manpower, Health Occupations --- Health Occupations Manpower --- Workforce, Health --- Health --- Health Occupations --- Health Personnel --- Medicine --- Administration, Health Services --- Health Services --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Regulation --- Social Control --- Control, Social --- Controls, Social --- Formal Social Control --- Formal Social Controls --- Regulations --- Social Controls --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Care Management, Patient --- Management, Patient Care --- Resources --- Health Resource --- Resource --- Resource, Health --- Resources, Health --- Comprehensive Healthcare --- Health Care, Comprehensive --- Healthcare, Comprehensive --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Constitutional Amendments --- Laws and Statutes --- Legislation, Health --- Model Legislation --- Population Law --- Statutes and Laws --- Health Legislation --- Amendment, Constitutional --- Amendments, Constitutional --- Constitutional Amendment --- Law, Population --- Laws, Population --- Legislation, Model --- Population Laws --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Primary medical care --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- manpower --- supply & distribution --- organization & administration --- Planning Techniques --- Public Policy --- Family Practice --- Health Legislation as Topic --- Public health --- Health Care Economics --- Health Economics --- Healthcare Economics --- Care Economic, Health --- Economic, Health --- Economic, Health Care --- Economic, Healthcare --- Economics, Health Care --- Health Care Economic --- Health Economic --- Healthcare Economic --- Health Planning. --- Primary Health Care. --- Health Information Systems --- Healthcare Financing. --- organization & administration. --- Iraq. --- Health Financing --- Financing, Health --- Financing, Healthcare --- Financings, Health --- Financings, Healthcare --- Health Financings --- Healthcare Financings --- Republic of Iraq --- Access to Primary Care


Book
Evaluation of two programs supporting global family planning data needs : assessing achievements, informing future directions
Authors: ---
Year: 2018 Publisher: Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation,

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In 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched two programs to help monitor progress toward a new global goal to increase modern contraceptive use by 2020. The Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) program aimed to support annual, rapid-turnaround, nationally representative surveys of households and service delivery points in nine countries. Track20 was designed to support global standardization of key family planning indicators and country-level monitoring and capacity-building in 22 countries. This evaluation of both programs is based on interviews with more than 260 stakeholders in the United States and 15 program countries, statistical analysis of the PMA2020 survey, and analysis of stakeholder ratings of data maturity and sustainability. Stakeholders felt that PMA2020 has successfully conducted annual, rapid-turnaround surveys with high-quality data. However, it has not fully achieved its original objectives of promoting data use, meeting local data needs, or integrating PMA2020 into country data systems. The team's statistical analysis of PMA2020 surveys identified opportunities for modifications in survey frequency, design, and content. Stakeholders felt that Track20 is on target to achieve most of its objectives. Monitoring and evaluation officers are the core of Track20 in program countries: They are highly skilled personnel, typically embedded within ministries of health, giving them ready access to decisionmakers. The RAND research team recommended that both programs promote country-driven agendas for data collection, use, and ownership; intensify focus on data use; and plan for and measure data maturity and data system sustainability. The research team also recommended a new program--Data for Action Training Activity for Family Planning (DATA-FP)--to increase country capacity for data system management.


Book
Harnessing full value from the DoD Serum Repository and the Defense Medical Surveillance System
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2010 Publisher: Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation,

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"The Army manages the Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) of over 43 million serum samples and the associated Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) database that links individual service member characteristics to these biological samples. The main mission and use of these resources has been for military health surveillance. The Army turned to RAND Arroyo Center to systematically examine current requirements and capabilities of the DoDSR and DMSS, identify gaps, and suggest strategies to improve their ability to meet current and potential future military health needs in the areas of surveillance, outbreak investigation, research, and clinical support, particularly as these relate to influenza and other infectious disease threats. The research drew information from written documents and interviews with military and civilian experts. The study identified a number of opportunities to improve the management, content, and use of the serum repository and associated database. There were six main recommendations: (1) clarify and communicate the missions of the DoDSR and DMSS both within and beyond DoD; 92) empower, structure, and resource the organizational oversight of DoDSR and DMSS so that they can fulfill the full range of their missions; (3) create an integrative data plan for comprehensive health surveillance; (4) enhance the utility of specimens; (5) plan for the next repository facility; and (6) raise awareness of and expand access to DoDSR and DMSS."--Page 4 of cover


Book
Characterization of the Synthetic Opioid Threat Profile to Inform Inspection and Detection Solutions
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation

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The opioid overdose crisis has continued to accelerate in recent years because of the arrival of potent synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and related substances. Although several synthetic opioids have legitimate medical applications, the majority of overdoses are due to illicitly manufactured imports. Researchers from the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center evaluated publicly available data to better understand the dimensions of the consumption and supply of these substances. They performed four tasks designed to gain insight into this new and quickly evolving phenomenon: (1) They evaluated trends in overdoses across regions and over time. Understanding where overdoses due to synthetic opioids occur provides a rough proxy for where law enforcement should prioritize screening efforts for packages that enter the country destined for such markets. (2) They evaluated the supply of fentanyl and related substances using public data from state and local forensic laboratories that report to national systems. The authors note a relationship between lab exhibits and fatal overdoses across regions and over time. (3) They examined the online markets for synthetic opioids. The team collected quantitative and qualitative data from online marketplaces and vendors to better understand what supply and concealment mechanisms vendors use when shipping product to the United States. (4) They evaluated the adulterants and other bulking agents used in retail distribution. There are limitations to each of these approaches, and the authors provide caveats to interpreting their findings.

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Book
Toward integrated DoD biosurveillance : assessment and opportunities
Authors: --- --- --- ---
ISBN: 0833084666 9780833084668 9780833081513 0833081519 Year: 2013 Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] Rand Corporation

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Public health surveillance --- Bioterrorism --- Communicable diseases --- Population Surveillance --- Public Health Practice --- Public Health --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Biosurveillance --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Epidemiology & Epidemics --- Prevention --- Biosurveillances --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Health Practice, Public --- Health Practices, Public --- Practice, Public Health --- Practices, Public Health --- Public Health Practices --- Surveillance, Population --- Contagion and contagious diseases --- Contagious diseases --- Infectious diseases --- Microbial diseases in human beings --- Zymotic diseases --- Population surveillance (Public health) --- Surveillance, Public health --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Diseases --- Infection --- Epidemics --- Epidemiology --- United States. --- Rules and practice --- Evaluation. --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Medical care. --- D.O.D. --- DOD (Department of Defense) --- Mei-kuo kuo fang pu --- Ministerstvo oborony SShA --- Министерство обороны США --- National Military Establishment (U.S.)


Book
Identifying future disease hot spots : infectious disease vulnerability index
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0833096117 9780833096111 9780833095749 0833095749 Year: 2016 Publisher: [Santa Monica, California] : RAND Corporation,

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"Recent high-profile outbreaks, such as Ebola and Zika, have illustrated the transnational nature of infectious diseases. Countries that are most vulnerable to such outbreaks might be higher priorities for technical support. RAND created the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index to help U.S. government and international agencies identify these countries and thereby inform programming to preemptively help mitigate the spread and effects of potential transnational outbreaks. The authors employed a rigorous methodology to identify the countries most vulnerable to disease outbreaks. They conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature to identify factors influencing infectious disease vulnerability. Using widely available data, the authors created an index for identifying potentially vulnerable countries and then ranked countries by overall vulnerability score. Policymakers should focus on the 25 most-vulnerable countries with an eye toward a potential "disease belt" in the Sahel region of Africa. The infectious disease vulnerability scores for several countries were better than what would have been predicted on the basis of economic status alone. This suggests that low-income countries can overcome economic challenges and become more resilient to public health challenges, such as infectious disease outbreaks"--


Book
Enhancing military-civilian medical synergies : the role of Army medical practice in civilian facilities

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"Army medical professionals must maintain the high level of proficiency required to fulfill the Army's medical missions of supporting military operations and providing beneficiary care. Because beneficiary care demands in a U.S. medical treatment facility (MTF) do not mirror those in a combat setting and sometimes can exceed the MTF's capacity, some MTFs enter into agreements with local civilian facilities to meet shortfalls in beneficiary care or training. The study's objective was to assess Army medical practice in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and non-Veterans Affairs civilian facilities and suggest opportunities for improving military-civilian synergies"--Back cover.

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