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Sociology of occupations --- Audit

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Water development projects have altered the environmental flow landscapes where dams and diversions have been built, and this could have effects on coastal resources, particularly in estuaries. Water is an important human resource and water needs grow as populations grow.  However, freshwater inflow to the coast is fundamental to the functioning of estuaries.  Can we have stable, secure, and sufficient water resources for people and still protect estuarine health?  Estuaries are the most productive environments on Earth, and this is in part due to freshwater inflow, which dilutes marine water, and transports nutrients and sediments to the coast.  Estuaries are characterized by salinity and nutrient gradients, which are important in regulating many biological processes.  As water is diverted for human consumption, it is common for many environmental problems to appear.  While many countries have water quality programs, few are dealing with water quantity alterations. The first step is to define marine resources to protect, and the water quality conditions those resources need to thrive. The second step is to determine the flow regimes needed to maintain the desired water quality conditions.  Finally, many regions are using adaptive management programs to manage freshwater resources.  These programs set goals to protect ecosystem resources, identify indicators, and monitor the indicators over time to ensure that the goals are appropriate and resources are protected.  Case studies demonstrate that monitoring and research can determine the ecological and socio-economical impacts of altered freshwater inflows, and stakeholders and managers can make well-informed decisions to manage freshwater inflows to local coasts wisely.

Estuarine ecology. --- Estuarine hydrology. --- Groundwater -- Quality. --- Life sciences. --- Estuarine hydrology --- Estuarine ecology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geography --- Ecology --- Physical Geography --- Estuaries --- Hydrology. --- Ecosystems. --- Aquatic ecology. --- Environment. --- Life Sciences. --- Hydrology/Water Resources. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Environment, general. --- Hydrology --- Brackish water ecology --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Aquatic biology. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Hydrobiology --- Water biology --- Aquatic sciences --- Biology --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Aquatic ecology . --- Aquatic biology --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences

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Specimens of new Harpacticoida species were obtained during the California Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), Phase II, Monitoring Program (CAMP) between November 1986 and May 1989. The CAMP project was a multidisciplinary study to detect and evaluate the long-term biological impacts of continental shelf oil drilling and production. The study was centered around a proposed platform site named Julius, which was never put into service. Samples were collected in the Santa Maria Basin on a regional scale (10- 20 km). Harpacticoids are the second most abundant meiofaunal taxa in the Santa Maria Basin. Harpacticoids have been intensively studied in the Atlantic OCS. However, Pacific studies are limited to collections made in shallow water. There are a great number of undescribed species in the CAMP samples taken from the Santa Maria Basin. The present study is rather limited in scope and only touches on some of the dominate species found. It contains full taxonomic descriptions of six species, a pictorial key of 18 dominant species, and drawings of 42 other unknown species. "The California Harpacticoida Study was a small multi-year, marine program that was conducted to provide the U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service with information necessary to assess the potential environmental impacts of leasing tracts of submarine lands for commercial oil production and to properly manage marine resources if recovery of petroleum occurs. The study resulted from data produced in the meiofauna studies of the California Monitoring Program (CAMP) from the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Harpacticoid copepods were found to be very numerous and important, but most were species new to science. The report consists of a series of detailed chapters describing the harpacticoids which were found in the CAMP project. The chapters are authored by two participating investigators, who are trained systematists. ... The objective of the Report is to provide a detailed description of the new harpacticoids found in the Santa Maria Basin. The Report summarizes systematic accounts that are or will be published in peer-reviewed journals. ... All specimens were derived from samples archived from the CAMP project. Harpacticoids were dissected, and drawings were made of each anatomical feature of the species that has taxonomic significance. Systematic accounts of the species were constructed based on a comparison of other species found in the taxonomic literature. ... Over 115 new species were found in the Santa Maria Basin during the CAMP program. Complete systematic accounts are given for 6 of the species, and drawings are provided for 9 others. A pictorial key is provided for the identification of the harpacticoids"-- Technical Summary, pages iv-v.

Harpacticoida --- Effect of habitat modification on