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574 --- 630*6 --- 630 --- 574.2 --- Nederland --- Vlaanderen --- bosbeheer --- bossen --- ecologie --- Bosbeheer --- 630 Forestry --- Forestry --- 630*6 Forest management. Business economics of forestry. Administration and organization of forest enterprises --- Forest management. Business economics of forestry. Administration and organization of forest enterprises --- 574 General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- organismen en het milieu. natuurlijke omgeving --- Bos --- 630*28 --- 636.1 --- bos (lt) --- bosbeheer (lt) --- Forest husbandry. Growing and collection of forest products except wood. Bark, fruit and seed crops. Saps. Leaf crops. Osier, bamboo, cane-growing etc. --- forest management --- forest conservation --- forestry --- forests --- 630*28 Forest husbandry. Growing and collection of forest products except wood. Bark, fruit and seed crops. Saps. Leaf crops. Osier, bamboo, cane-growing etc. --- Forest Ecology. --- Ecologie --- Academic collection --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Forestry --- PXL-Tech 2015 --- bosbouw --- biologie

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The objectives of this work were reached using a modeling approach. The innovation of the approach lies in the use of a modeling framework integrating a set of models in a serial fashion to assess the C sequestration potential, and the environmental impact of domestic and overseas forestry scenarios with different tree species, soil type, climate and management practices. This novel approach allowed comparison of different forestry scenarios in terms of carbon offset and land use impact minimizing the influence of subjective biases. This allows for selection and optimization of forestry policies calculating impact of climate change mitigation activities in the forestry sector with a life cycle approach, expressing impacts per ton C emission reduction. Analyses were carried out for five forest management scenarios. The first 4 scenarios are in Flanders, Belgium and the last one in the sub-tropics: (1) existing multifunctional forest management of existing forest, (2) afforestation of new multifunctional forest, (3) establishment of a short rotation coppice for bioenergy production, (4) establishment of an agricultural bioenergy crop and (5) sub-tropical pine plantation in South Africa. Simulation exercise 1 is modeled for the Meerdaal Forest and scenarios 2 - 4 for the agricultural area to north of the forest. On the one hand, the assessment of the C sequestration potential of a forestry scenario covers two aspects. The first one is the change of C stock of the pools (soil, litter and standing biomass) in a given period of time. The second aspect corresponds to the fate of the harvested biomass. Biomass is transformed in products of different live times, which have a direct effect on the amount of C stored outside the ecosystem. Biomass can also be transformed in bioenergy, which has an effect on the amount of fossil fuel not burnt avoiding the release of additional C to the atmosphere. In order to assess both aspects of the C sequestration potential the process-based model SECRETS and the C accounting model GORCAM were used in an off-line serial fashion. On the other hand, we proposed a method to assess the impact of land use making use of indicators selected on the theoretical concept of ecosystem exergy proposed by Schneider and Kay (1994, 1995) and Jørgensen (1992, 2001). The central hypothesis of the ecosystem exergy concept is that the ecosystem development points towards the maximization of internal exergy level (i.e., entropy free energy stored in ecosystems in the form of (1) biomass, (2) genetic information and (3) complex trophic networks) which in turn includes maximization of dissipation or buffering capacities of flows of radiation, air, water, nutrients, and other materials (Bendoricchio and Jørgensen 1997; Fath et al., 2001; Schneider and Kay 1994, 1995). It is therefore hypothesized that for any combination of abiotic factors such as temperature, rainfall patterns, soil, topography among others, site specific, the potential natural vegetation (PNV), i.e. climax system, is the ecosystem with the highest possible energetic control for that site (Wagendorp et al., 2001), which is chosen as the reference system in this method. The method aims at assessing the difference in quality between the actual land use and the reference system. The method identifies 17 variables as the most suitable indicators of the changes in the ecosystem pointing out the direction of the new equilibrium the ecosystem is heading to. From the results it can be concluded that the short rotation coppice would be the best management option for any time period considered. The longer the time period considered the higher will be the amount of total C sequestered to accomplish with part of the target for the Kyoto Protocol of the Flemish Government. From