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This document addresses the available data on the toxicity of calcium phosphate salts. Calcium phosphate salts are considered in this document separate from the other inorganic phosphates (sodium, potassium, ammonium, and aluminum phosphates) based on the expectation that the presence of calcium would influence the chemistry, toxicokinetics, and/or toxicity of the phosphate salt relative to the other classes of inorganic phosphates. Calcium phosphates are much less soluble than sodium or potassium phosphates (Gilmour, 2019). In addition, interactions between phosphate and calcium occur both in the intestine (where calcium phosphate formation reduces absorption of both ions) and in the kidney (where phosphate decreases urinary calcium excretion) [as reviewed by EFSA (2015)]. There is evidence that the ration of calcium:phosphate (Ca:P) is an important determinant of phosphate toxicity; thus, administration of calcium phosphate might be expected to yield different toxicological effects than administration of sodium or potassium phosphate. The reader is referred to the PPRTV documents for sodium, potassium, ammonium, and aluminum phosphates for assessments of those inorganic phosphate salts.

Phosphates.