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Investments, European --- Egypt --- European Union countries --- Economic conditions. --- Foreign economic relations

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This book addresses the impact and implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most challenging public health risks to human wellbeing, on the economic activities and behaviors of Middle Eastern countries during and in the aftermath of the pandemic. It provides detailed examination of how the global and Middle Eastern economies incurred significant financial and economic damages, human losses, and hundreds of millions of people losing their jobs. The analysis of this book is entirely based on primary data and a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods to accurately account for the effects of the pandemic on the economy, finance, and tourism. While providing in-depth analysis of the macro and micro economy at global and national levels, the book investigates the impact of the pandemic on human behavior including household and water consumptions in the GCC countries, as well as offering potential green strategies for sustainable recovery in the post-pandemic era. As well as explaining the negative effects of the pandemic on the tourism and hospitality industries, the book also offers some positive outcomes from the pandemic, most notably in the innovation and IT sector and creative approaches in banking practices and services to ensure financial stability and sufficient liquidity in the market. Readers, students, researchers, industry practitioners and policy makers will benefit from the new insights offered by a diverse group of senior researchers and experts from across the world. Ashraf Mishrif is the founding chair of the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry Research Chair for Economic Studies, Humanities Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. Prior to that he was Associate Professor at King’s College London and taught at several universities in the United Kingdom and the Gulf countries. He also served as Cultural Advisor for the Egyptian Embassy Cultural Bureau in London, Managing Director of the London-based consulting firm EU-Med International, and Industrial Development Consultant, UNIDO, Vienna. He is an expert in economic development and the political economy of the Middle East and has authored more than 90 books, chapters, and peer-reviewed and conference papers, including two volumes on economic diversification and nationalization of the labour market in the GCC. .

International economic relations. --- Tourism. --- Management. --- International finance. --- International Economics. --- International Political Economy’. --- Tourism Management. --- International Finance. --- Tourism Economics.

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This book assesses the resilience of enterprises and their abilities to adapt to changing circumstances and new business environments in the time of crises. Entrepreneurs, small and medium enterprises, and large corporations proved to be capable of utilizing innovation and technology to survive the economic and financial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many enterprises have succeeded in turning the pandemic crisis into viable business opportunities, dominating local and regional markets, and putting them at the heart of technological transformation. The book also emphasizes the role of innovation, digitalization, and technology in developing new business models and innovative strategies that contributed to enhancing business resilience and market adaptability during the pandemic. The implementation of the new business model and working methods has not only made companies more competitive, but it also ensured the sustainability of the flow of goods and services in the time of the crisis. The analysis is provided through a detailed examination of key sectors, including small and medium enterprises, logistics and supply chain, food security, and labor market. While acknowledging the unprecedented economic and financial consequences of the pandemic on enterprises and markets, this book stresses the importance of the lessons learned from this experience that are critical for supporting the business sector and strengthening market fundamentals to withstand similar crises in the future.

Politics --- Economics --- International law --- Organization theory --- Business management --- internationale handel --- ondernemingsstrategieën --- bedrijven --- economie --- politiek --- ondernemen --- Middle East --- Africa, North --- International business enterprises. --- Economics. --- Entrepreneurship. --- New business enterprises. --- Middle Eastern/North African Economics. --- International Business. --- Political Economy and Economic Systems. --- Economic conditions.

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This volume focuses on the role of the private sector in diversifying the economics of Gulf countries in the post-petrodollar era, when fluctuating and declining oil prices are negatively impacting national expenditures. It explores current policies of countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council and their efforts to shift their economies away from heavy dependence on hydrocarbons. The structural changes will create favorable conditions for the private sector to flourish, shift production dependence from public to private sector, and allow for more efficient resource allocation. Such changes will also allow local banks to provide financial support to small and medium enterprises, boost entrepreneurship for job creation, and strengthen organizational structure and efficiency.  This is the first volume in Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region.

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political economy. --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Development economics. --- Economic development. --- International Political Economy. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Development Economics. --- Regional Development. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- International economic relations. --- Africa, North—Economic conditions. --- Regionalism. --- International Political Economy’. --- Middle Eastern/North African Economics. --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Middle East --- Africa, North --- Economic conditions.

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This volume explores the challenges to diversification in Gulf countries, which can no longer rely on profits from hydrocarbons to fund national expenditures. It elaborates on the problem of weak institutions, lack of coordination between policy makers and executors, limited investment in research and development, and a workforce that is too poorly skilled to compete in the private sector. In addition to analyzing issues in areas such as education, labor, business, and trade, the contributors underscore the importance of using global best practices to overcome fundamental weaknesses in the Gulf Cooperative Council's economic structure that limit opportunities for economic diversification. This is the second volume in Economic Diversification in the Gulf Region.

International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Economic order --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- International economic relations --- Economics --- internationale economische politiek --- economie --- politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- economische ontwikkelingen --- streekontwikkeling --- internationale economie --- Middle East --- North Africa