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Models, Genetic --- Biological Evolution --- Mathematical Computing --- Genetic Processes --- Biological Processes --- Models, Biological --- Computing Methodologies --- Genetic Phenomena --- Models, Theoretical --- Information Science --- Biological Phenomena --- Investigative Techniques --- Phenomena and Processes --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Genetic programming (Computer science) --- Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Computer programming. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Pattern recognition. --- Computer Science. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Programming Techniques. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Pattern Recognition. --- Design perception --- Pattern recognition --- Form perception --- Perception --- Figure-ground perception --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Programming --- Computer programming --- Genetic algorithms --- Computer software. --- Optical pattern recognition. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Optical data processing --- Pattern perception --- Perceptrons --- Visual discrimination --- Software, Computer

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FUN Fungi & Lichenes --- Fungi

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Peintre et graveur anglais (Bradford, 1937). David Hockney participe, alors qu'il étudie encore au Royal College of Art de Londres, à la naissance du pop art. Ses toiles à l'aspect faussement naïf, telles celles de la série des ±piscines (A Bigger Splash, 1967), mettent en fait en Ėuvre la technique très élaborée d'un peintre qui observe avec intérêt l'hyperréalisme et qui admire Picasso, tout en excellant dans le dessin et la gravure (The Rake's Progress, 1961-1963, série inspirée par William Hogarth). Hockney a également réalisé d'étonnants portraits de ses proches, souvent doubles, où il s'attache à saisir l'intensité des relations entre ses modèles (Christopher Isherwood et Don Bachardy, 1968). Mais il explore aussi les possibilités du collage et du photomontage, des ordinateurs et des palettes graphiques.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, ICES 2000, held in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, in April 2000. The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. Among the topics covered are evaluation of digital systems, evolution of analog systems, embryonic electronics, bio-inspired systems, artificial neural networks, adaptive robotics, adaptive hardware platforms, molecular computing, reconfigurable systems, immune systems, and self-repair.

Evolutionary programming (Computer science) --- Evolutionary computation --- Digital integrated circuits --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Design and construction --- Computer science. --- Computer hardware. --- Computers. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer engineering. --- Bioinformatics. --- Computational biology. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Engineering. --- Computer Hardware. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Computer Appl. in Life Sciences. --- Digital electronics --- Integrated circuits --- Biology --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Data processing. --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Bioinformatics . --- Computational biology . --- Bioinformatics --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computers --- Data processing

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Biology has inspired electronics from the very beginning: the machines that we now call computers are deeply rooted in biological metaphors. Pioneers such as Alan Turing and John von Neumann openly declared their aim of creating arti?cial machines that could mimic some of the behaviors exhibited by natural organisms. Unfortunately, technology had not progressed enough to allow them to put their ideas into practice. The 1990s saw the introduction of programmable devices, both digital (FP- GAs) and analogue (FPAAs). These devices, by allowing the functionality and the structure of electronic devices to be easily altered, enabled researchers to endow circuits with some of the same versatility exhibited by biological entities and sparked a renaissance in the ?eld of bio-inspired electronics with the birth of what is generally known as evolvable hardware. Eversince,the?eldhasprogressedalongwiththetechnologicalimprovements and has expanded to take into account many di?erent biological processes, from evolution to learning, from development to healing. Of course, the application of these processes to electronic devices is not always straightforward (to say the least!), but rather than being discouraged, researchers in the community have shown remarkable ingenuity, as demostrated by the variety of approaches presented at this conference and included in these proceedings.

Logic --- Computer science --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- computers --- informatica --- hardware --- programmeren (informatica) --- software engineering --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- computernetwerken