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The European legal order is largely based on judicial co-operation between the European Court of Justice and the national courts. Three case studies on Sunday trading, on equal treatment of men and women and on good faith in contract law reveal that national courts and national litigants are mainly pursuing national interests by means of European law. The European Court of Justice seeks European solutions by delimiting the scope of the European legal order, by transforming the subjective rights of market citizens into political rights of union citizens, and by developing European remedies to enforce European rights.

Law of civil procedure --- Human rights --- European law --- European Union --- International and municipal law --- Judicial process --- Sunday legislation --- Sex discrimination --- Good faith (Law) --- Law and legislation --- Blue laws --- Law, Sunday --- Sunday --- Ecclesiastical law --- Hours of labor --- Labor laws and legislation --- Weekly rest-day --- Holidays --- Sabbath legislation --- Store hours --- Discrimination, Sexual --- Gender discrimination --- Sexual discrimination --- Discrimination --- Sexism --- Gender mainstreaming --- Decision making, Judicial --- Judicial behavior --- Judicial decision making --- Judges --- Law --- Procedure (Law) --- Bona fides (Law) --- Bad faith (Law) --- Ignorance (Law) --- Mistake (Law) --- Psychological aspects --- Interpretation and construction --- General and Others --- International and municipal law - European Union countries. --- Judicial process - European Union countries. --- International and municipal law - Great Britain. --- Sunday legislation - England. --- Sunday legislation - European Union countries. --- Sex discrimination - Law and legislation - England. --- Sex discrimination - Law and legislation - European Union countries. --- Good faith (Law) - England. --- Good faith (Law) - European Union countries.

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Droits de l'homme --- Droit constitutionnel --- Droit privé (droit européen) --- Civil law --- International unification. --- Droit privé (droit européen)

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"This book analyses the founding years of consumer law and consumer policy in Europe. It combines two dimensions: the making of national consumer law and the making of European consumer law, and how both are intertwined. The chapters on Germany, Italy, the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom serve to explain the economic and the political background which led to different legal and policy approaches in the then old Member States from the 1960s onwards. The chapter on Poland adds a different layer, the one of a former socialist country with its own consumer law and how joining the EU affected consumer law at the national level. The making of European consumer law started in the 1970s rather cautiously, but gradually the European Commission took an ever stronger position in promoting not only European consumer law but also in supporting the building of the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC), the umbrella organisation of the national consumer bodies. The book unites the early protagonists who were involved in the making of consumer law in Europe: Guido Alpa, Ludwig Krm̃er, Ewa Letowska, Hans-W Micklitz, Klaus Tonner, Iain Ramsay, and Thomas Wilhelmsson, supported by the younger generation Aneta Wiewiórowska Domagalska, Mateusz Grochowski, and Koen Docter, who reconstructs the history of BEUC. Niklas Olsen and Thomas Roethe analyse the construction of this policy field from a historical and sociological perspective. This book offers a unique opportunity to understand a legal and political field, that of consumer law and policy, which plays a fundamental role in our contemporary societies."--

Consumer protection --- Law and legislation

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Economic law --- Consumer protection --- Actions and defenses --- Sanctions, Administrative --- Law and legislation --- 351.82*7 --- Consumentenrecht --- 351.82*7 Consumentenrecht --- Administrative penalties --- Administrative sanctions --- Penalties, Administrative --- Administrative law --- Administrative procedure --- Criminal law --- Law enforcement --- Sanctions (Law) --- Consumerism --- Protection, Consumer --- Commercial policy --- Civil actions --- Defense (Law) --- Interpleader --- Lawsuits --- Litigation --- Personal actions --- Real actions --- Suits (Law) --- Procedure (Law) --- Trial practice --- Civil procedure --- Remedies (Law) --- Court proceedings --- Consumer protection - Law and legislation - Europe --- Actions and defenses - Europe --- Sanctions, Administrative - Europe --- Consumer protection - Law and legislation - United States --- Actions and defenses - United States --- Sanctions, Administrative - United States --- Etats-Unis --- Royaume-Uni --- Bulgarie --- Lettonie --- Pologne --- Hongrie --- République tchèque --- Estonie --- Lituanie --- Roumanie --- Slovaquie --- Slovénie --- Pays-Bas --- Canada --- Droit public économique --- Droit commercial --- Droit international --- Commerce international --- Consommateurs --- Droit comparé --- Protection --- Union européenne --- Droit --- Pays de l'Union européenne