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Dans les sociétés occidentales et dans les régions du monde à forte croissance économique, les maladies allergiques se développent selon une progression épidémique. Ce livre explique comment on en est arrivé là. Quelles sont les causes de l'épidémie d'allergies ? Plusieurs hypothèses ont été avancées. Les progrès de l'hygiène et la disparition des parasitoses intestinales à la fin de la première moitié du XXe siècle ont assurément joué un rôle significatif. En effet, la cohabitation avec les microbes et parasites de toutes sortes entretenait une stimulation immunitaire constante qui semble nous avoir protégés contre les dérèglements de notre immunité. Les transformations de l'habitat et les nouveaux modes alimentaires ont très probablement participé à l'émergence de nouvelles maladies allergiques, mais aussi de maladies auto-immunes telles que la sclérose en plaques ou la polyarthrite rhumatoïde. En revanche, la pollution atmosphérique ne semble pas impliquée dans l'explosion des maladies allergiques; elle peut toutefois jouer un rôle dans leurs exacerbations. Finalement, les allergies sont peut-être le prix à payer pour notre civilisation de bien-être et de longévité… Quels sont les traitements contre les allergies ? Sur la base de ce que l'on connaît aujourd'hui des mécanismes de l'allergie, l'auteur explique quels sont les moyens de diagnostic fiables et les stratégies de traitement rendues possibles par la biologie moderne. Il développe les traitements actuels des différentes formes d'allergie, notamment les approches telles que l'immunothérapie et les nouvelles biothérapies. Il aborde également les médecines parallèles et souligne l'importance de l'effet placebo dans les traitements.
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Painting, French --- Painting, Italian --- Painting, Austrian --- Painters --- Decoration and ornament --- Peinture française --- Peinture italienne --- Peinture autrichienne --- Peintres --- Décoration et ornement --- Biography --- History and criticism --- Neoclassicism --- Biographies --- Histoire et critique --- Néoclassicisme --- Rome (Italy) --- Rome (Italie) --- In art --- Dans l'art --- Biography. --- Neoclassicism. --- -Painters --- -Painting, Austrian --- -Painting, French --- -Painting, Italian --- -Italian painting --- French painting --- Paintings, French --- Groupe Finistère (Group of artists) --- Austrian painting --- Artists --- Art, Decorative --- Decorative art --- Decorative design --- Design, Decorative --- Nature in ornament --- Ornament --- Painting, Decorative --- Art --- Decorative arts --- Arts and crafts movement --- -Neoclassicism --- Peinture française --- Décoration et ornement --- Néoclassicisme --- Italian painting --- Painting [French ] --- Italy --- Rome --- Painting [Italian ] --- Painting [Austrian ] --- Painting [Modern ] --- 17th-18th centuries --- France --- Austria --- Neoclassicism (Art) --- Decoration and ornament, Primitive --- Painting, French - Italy - Rome - 18th century. --- Painting, Italian - Italy - Rome - 18th century. --- Painting, Austrian - Italy - Rome - 18th century. --- Painters - Italy - Rome - Biography. --- Painters - France - Biography. --- Painters - Italy - Biography. --- Painters - Austria - Biography. --- Decoration and ornament - Italy - Rome - Neoclassicism.
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Allergy --- Allergie --- Allergens --- Hypersensitivity --- Allergènes. --- Santé publique. --- epidemiology --- Aspect épidémiologique.
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Generally, spontaneous pattern formation phenomena are random and repetitive, whereas elaborate devices are the deterministic product of human design. Yet, biological organisms and collective insect constructions are exceptional examples of complex systems that are both self-organized and architectural. This book is the first initiative of its kind toward establishing a new field of research, Morphogenetic Engineering, to explore the modeling and implementation of “self-architecturing” systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the programmability and computational abilities of self-organization, properties that are often underappreciated in complex systems science—while, conversely, the benefits of self-organization are often underappreciated in engineering methodologies. Altogether, the aim of this work is to provide a framework for and examples of a larger class of “self-architecturing” systems, while addressing fundamental questions such as > How do biological organisms carry out morphogenetic tasks so reliably? > Can we extrapolate their self-formation capabilities to engineered systems? > Can physical systems be endowed with information (or informational systems be embedded in physics) so as to create autonomous morphologies and functions? > What are the core principles and best practices for the design and engineering of such morphogenetic systems? The intended audience consists of researchers and graduate students who are working on, starting to work on, or interested in programmable self-organizing systems in a wide range of scientific fields, including computer science, robotics, bioengineering, control engineering, physics, theoretical biology, mathematics, and many others.
Self-organizing systems --- System theory --- Systems biology --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Learning systems (Automatic control) --- Self-optimizing systems --- Engineering. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Systems biology. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Computational intelligence. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Systems Biology. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Biological physics --- Biology --- Medical sciences --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Statistical methods --- Biological models. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Complex Systems. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Models, Biological --- Self-organizing systems. --- System theory. --- Science --- Cybernetics --- Intellect --- Learning ability --- Synergetics --- Philosophy
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