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Social systems are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible and natural language approaches inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. However, individual- and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems.  Simulating Social Complexity examines all aspects of using agent- or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having each their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes these elements "social" is that they are usefully interpretable as interacting elements of an observed society. In this, the focus is on human society, but can be extended to include social animals or artificial agents where such work enhances our understanding of human society.  The phenomena of interest then result (emerge) from the dynamics of the interaction of social actors in an essential way and are usually not easily simplifiable by, for example, considering only representative actors.  The introduction of accessible agent-based modelling allows the representation of social complexity in a more natural and direct manner than previous techniques. In particular, it is no longer necessary to distort a model with the introduction of overly strong assumptions simply in order to obtain analytic tractability. This makes agent-based modelling relatively accessible to a range of scientists. The outcomes of such models can be displayed and animated in ways that also make them more interpretable by experts and stakeholders.  This handbook is intended to help in the process of maturation of this new field. It brings together, through the collaborative effort of many leading researchers, summaries of the best thinking and practice in this area and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances are judged.  This book will help those entering into the field to avoid "reinventing the wheel" each time, but it will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introductory, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?’ followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section of ‘Further Reading’ briefly describing three to eight items that a newcomer might read next.  .

Computer science. --- Electronic data processing. --- Social sciences --- Animal behavior. --- Mathematics. --- Social sciences. --- Computer Science. --- Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Behavioural Sciences. --- Game Theory, Economics, Social and Behav. Sciences. --- Computing Methodologies. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Data processing. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Math --- Animals --- Animals, Habits and behavior of --- Behavior, Animal --- Ethology --- ADP (Data processing) --- Automatic data processing --- Data processing --- EDP (Data processing) --- IDP (Data processing) --- Integrated data processing --- Informatics --- Behavior --- Computers. --- Application software. --- Behavioral sciences. --- Game theory. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Behavioral Sciences. --- Complexity (Philosophy) --- Social structure --- Social interaction --- Computer simulation. --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Organization, Social --- Social organization --- Anthropology --- Sociology --- Social institutions --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Artificial intelligence. --- Complex Systems. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Science --- Animal psychology --- Zoology --- Ethologists --- Psychology, Comparative --- Civilization --- Games, Theory of --- Theory of games --- Mathematical models --- Mathematics --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Mathematical statistics --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Statistical methods

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Im Anschluss an seinen Kommentar SUPER IEREMIAM wendet Albertus Magnus sich nach 1264 den Klageliedern des Jeremia zu. In SUPER THRENOS beklagt er aktuelle Missstände in der Kirche, als deren Verursacher er Prälaten und Bischöfe nennt. Danach kommentiert er als einer der ersten überhaupt das Buße und Trost thematisierende Buch Baruch. Das darin enthaltene Loblied auf die Weisheit (Bar 3,9-38) nützt Albert in SUPER BARUCH für eine Begründung des Vorrangs der Theologie gegenüber den paganen Wissenschaften. Die Einleitungen zu beiden Editionen behandeln Fragen der Authentizität, Datierung und Bewertung der Überlieferung. Bibelstellen-, Autoren- und Sachregister erschließen die Texte.

Philosophy --- Christianity --- 2 ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- 2 ALBERTUS MAGNUS Godsdienst. Theologie--ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- Godsdienst. Theologie--ALBERTUS MAGNUS --- Philosophy - Middle Ages, 600-1500

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This volume examines all aspects of using agent or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes this "social" is that it can represent an observed society. Social systems include all those systems where the components have individual agency but also interact with each other. This includes human societies and groups, but also increasingly socio-technical systems where the internet-based devices form the substrate for interaction. These systems are central to our lives, but are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible but, on the other hand, natural language approaches are also inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. This is why individual an d agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems. This handbook marks the maturation of this new field. It brings together summaries of the best thinking and practices in this area from leading researchers in the field and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances can be judged. This second edition adds new chapters on different modelling purposes and applying software engineering methods to simulation development. Revised existing content will keep the book up-to-date with recent developments. This volume will help those new to the field avoid "reinventing the wheel" each time, and give them a solid and wide grounding in the essential issues. It will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introduction, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications . Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?’ followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section on ‘Further Reading’. Whilst sometimes covering technical aspects, this second edition of Simulating Social Complexity is designed to be accessible to a wide range of researchers, including both those from the social sciences as well as those with a more formal background. It will be of use as a standard reference text in the field and also be suitable for graduate level courses.

Social sciences (general) --- Social psychology --- Demography --- Operational research. Game theory --- Discrete mathematics --- Mathematics --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- gedrag (mensen) --- gedrag (dieren) --- grafentheorie --- analytische chemie --- vormgeving --- biochemie --- informatica --- sociale wetenschappen --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- mijnbouw --- speltheorie --- wiskunde

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