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In Knowledge Machines, Eric Meyer and Ralph Schroeder argue that digital technologies have fundamentally changed research practices in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Meyer and Schroeder show that digital tools and data, used collectively and in distributed mode -- which they term e-research -- have transformed not just the consumption of knowledge but also the production of knowledge. Digital technologies for research are reshaping how knowledge advances in disciplines that range from physics to literary analysis. Meyer and Schroeder map the rise of digital research and offer case studies from many fields, including biomedicine, social science uses of the Web, astronomy, and large-scale textual analysis in the humanities. They consider such topics as the challenges of sharing research data and of big data approaches, disciplinary differences and new forms of interdisciplinary collaboration, the shifting boundaries between researchers and their publics, and the ways that digital tools promote openness in science.This book considers the transformations of research from a number of perspectives, drawing especially on the sociology of science and technology and social informatics. It shows that the use of digital tools and data is not just a technical issue; it affects research practices, collaboration models, publishing choices, and even the kinds of research and research questions scholars choose to pursue. Knowledge Machines examines the nature and implications of these transformations for scholarly research.

Research --- Cyberinfrastructure. --- Interdisciplinary research. --- Open access publishing. --- Internet research. --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Data processing. --- Technological innovations. --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Interdisciplinary research --- Open access publishing --- Internet research --- Data processing --- Technological innovations --- Science --- History as a science --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- Electronic data processing in research --- Open access to research --- Research, Open access to --- Electronic publishing --- IDR (Research) --- Research, Interdisciplinary --- Transdisciplinary research --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Information technology --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Distributed processing --- Research - Data processing --- Research - Technological innovations --- Communication in learning and scholarship - Technological innovations --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- Web research

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Dementia is increasing in prevalence, and to date has no cure or treatment. One element in improving this situation is using and sharing data more widely to increase the power of research. Further, moving beyond established medical data into big data offers the potential to tap into routinely collected data from both within and outside the health system. In this report, we examine four exemplar data sharing initiatives to better understand data sharing practices in dementia research and recommend the next steps required to move forward, which will require addressing structural issues including aligning incentives and mindsets toward data sharing.

Social Issues/Migration/Health --- Science and Technology