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Dissertation
Joseph Ryelandt, Nocturnes en Preludes voor piano
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Year: 2004 Publisher: Leuven Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst. Lemmensinstituut departement muziek, dramatische kunst en onderwijs

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Book
Cardiologie en cardiale heelkunde
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ISBN: 9789464145366 Year: 2022 Publisher: Leuven Den Haag Acco

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Cardiologie en cardiale heelkunde
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ISBN: 9789464145779 Year: 2023 Publisher: Leuven Den Haag Acco

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Dissertation
Calcification of aortic wall tissue in prosthetic heart valves : initiation, influencing factors and strategies towards prevention
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ISBN: 9789058675958 Year: 2007 Volume: 385 Publisher: Leuven Universitaire Pers Leuven

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Biologische kunstkleppen zijn een onmisbaar instrument geworden in de chirurgische behandeling van klepaandoeningen. Ondanks hun voordelen blijft durabiliteit een probleem. Zowel calcificatie als structurele weefseldegeneratie zijn de belangrijkste beperkende factoren om deze kleppen bij nog meer patiënten te kunnen gebruiken. In eender welk type van bioprothese spelen een aantal sleutelelementen een rol in de processen van calcificatie en degeneratie: 1) Cellen in een bioprothese zijn dood. Ook is in het weefsel geen opruim- of herstelreactie actief die het avitale materiaal kan opruimen of verwijderen. Er is geen nieuwvorming van vezels; 2) Het vezelskelet van een bioprothese is grotendeels bewaard maar toch ernstig gewijzigd, zowel chemisch als mechanisch, als gevolg van de consecutieve manipulaties (prelevatie, fixatie, weefselbehandeling). Repetitieve stress zal op termijn tot structurele degeneratie leiden; 3) Klepweefsel gefixeerd door glutaaraldehyde wordt niet of in slechts beperkte mate gerecellulariseerd; 4) De fragmenten van de dode donorcellen blijven aanwezig in het klepweefsel en vormen de voornaamste nidus voor calcificatie. Binnen de structuur van een bioprothese zijn niet alleen de klepbladen maar ook de aortawand vatbaar voor calcificatie. De calcificatie van deze aortawandportie is lange tijd onbestudeerd gebleven. Stentloze kleppen bieden een aantal hemodynamische voordelen, tenminste wanneer ze geïmplanteerd worden als volledige wortelvervanging. De meeste van deze voordelen zijn echter inherent verbonden aan de flexibiliteit van de aortawandportie in deze klepprothesen. Calcificatie van de aortawand zal dus hoogstwaarschijnlijk leiden tot het verloren gaan van het hemodynamisch voordeel. Vermoedelijk zal ook de levensduur van deze stentloze prothesen niet beter zijn dan die van de klassieke bioprothesen. Verscheidene experimentele diermodellen zijn in staat calcificatie in biologisch weefsel na te bootsen. Het model van klepimplantatie in pulmonalispositie in groeiende schapen is ideaal om calcificatie in stentloze kleppen te bestuderen. Het vereenvoudigde model met implantatie van aortawandfragmenten in de v. jugularis bij schapen geeft een betrouwbaar en reproduceerbaar beeld van wandcalcificatie en laat toe weefsels van verschillende origine of met verschillende behandelingen te vergelijken binnen een relatief korte tijdstermijn en met een beperkt aantal dieren. Modellen die gebruik maken van subcutane implantaties in ratten zijn bruikbaar als eerste screening voor nieuwe behandelingen, maar de bevindingen zullen steeds getoetst moeten worden in grotere diermodellen mét bloedcontact. Calcificatie van de aortawand uit porciene bioprothesen wordt geïnitieerd ter hoogte van dode cellen en celresten. Geen van de huidig beschikbare anticalcificatiemiddelen is in staat aortawandcalcificatie in stentloze kleppen te verhinderen. Ook specifieke behandelingen gericht op de bescherming van elastine in de aortawand zijn niet in staat wandverkalking tegen te gaan. Teneinde porcine aortawandcalcificatie tegen te gaan zal de aanwezige celfractie (dode cellen en celresten) verwijderd dienen te worden. Pure acellularisatie is een optie, maar additionele weefselfixatie is een absolute vereiste. Glutaaraldehyde is daarvoor niet geschikt gezien dit fixatief op zichzelf in staat is calcificatie uit te lokken. Kleur-gemedieerde foto-oxidatie is een beloftevolle behandelingstechniek voor weefsel, maar mechanische stabiliteit en stress-bestendigheid zijn mogelijk nog problematisch. Tissue heart valves are an essential component of the surgical armamentarium used to manage severe valvular heart disease. Nevertheless, durability limitations stemming from both calcific and noncalcific tissue deterioration significantly inhibit more widespread tissue valve success and thereby use (169). In each type of bioprosthesis, the observed pathology relates to key differences between the valve substitute and a natural living valve: 1) The cells of the bioprosthesis are no longer viable and there are no scavenging or remodeling procedures on cellular level; 2) The collagenous valve skeleton is chemically and mechanically altered by valve preparation, handling, tissue treatments and implantation; 3) The residual matrix is not – or only limited – repopulated by recipient connective tissue or endothelial cells; 4) The fragments of the nonviable donor cells remaining in the valve represent the preferred loci for calcification. In bioprosthetic heart valves, not only the cusps but also the aortic wall portion is prone to calcification. Stentless valves offer many of the theoretical advantages of homografts such as superior hemodynamic performance and enhanced durability, particularly when inserted as a full root. Many of the possible advantages depend on the maintained flexibility of the aortic wall portion. Calcification of the aortic wall will adversely affect the long-term performance of a stentless prosthesis and it is highly likely that this will limit their durability to a similar time span as their stented couterparts. The level of calcification can even be greater and more likely to cause clinical problems through stiffening, embolism and/or protrusion into the lumen of calcific masses. Experimental animal models are able to mimic clinically observed calcification patterns. The model of pulmonary valve replacement in growing sheep is ideal to study the behaviour and calcification potential of a stentless prosthesis. The simplified jugular vein model is able to produce adequate amounts of aortic wall calcification within short time frames. Subcutaneous rat models can be used as a screening tool, but results will always need validation in larger animals. Within the available models, porcine aortic wall calcification is initiated in cells and cellular remnants. None of the currently available antimineralization treatments is able to prevent wall calcification in stentless grafts. Treatments directed towards the prevention of elastin-based tissue mineralization perform poor. Preventive strategies directed against wall calcification will have to deal with the remaining cell fraction in their prostheses, if not mineralization is likely to occur despite chemical treatment. Acellularization is an option, but additional tissue fixation other then glutaraldehyde is required. Photo-oxidized porcine tissue or tissue from bovine origin perform better in calcification potential but mechanical stability and stress-resistance are still in doubt. Vele hartklepaandoeningen dienen behandeld te worden met de vervanging van de aangetaste klep door een kunstklep. Bij sommige patiënten kunnen we hierbij gebruik maken van biologische kleppen, dwz. kleppen vervaardigd uit dierlijk weefsel. Deze kleppen zijn zeer performant en vereisen geen speciale bloedverdunners. Helaas is de levensduur van deze kleppen beperkt omdat ze op termijn verkalken en verslijten, wat hun gebruik bij jongere patiënten sterk limiteert. In dit proefschrift wordt dieper ingegaan op één aspect, namelijk de verkalking (calcificatie) en slijtage van het wandgedeelte van biologische kleppen. Door het gebruik van diverse chronische diermodellen zijn we erin geslaagd deze wandcalcificatie op representatieve wijze na te bootsen. Voor- en nadelen van diverse mogelijke modellen werden toegelicht. We toonden aan dat voornamelijk de aanwezige dierlijke celfractie de verantwoordelijke haard vormt van waaruit calcificatie ontstaat. Verschillende factoren (arteriêle druk, bloedcontact, leeftijd,…) die dit wandcalcificatieproces kunnen beïnvloed werden onderzocht. We stelden ook vast dat géén van de huidig beschikbare anticalcificatiemiddelen die gebruikt worden bij biologische kleppen in staat is deze wandverkalking af te remmen. Alleen door acellularisatie (het verwijderen van alle dierlijke cellen en dode celresten) van de klepprothese kunnen we wandcalcificatie tegengaan. Toepassing van dergelijke acellularisatie-methodes op nieuwe kunstkleppen kan leiden tot meer durabele biologische kunstkleppen die aldus ook bij jongere patiënten gebruikt kunnen worden.


Dissertation
Johann Sebastian Bach en het Concerto nach Italienischem Gusto.
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2013 Publisher: Leuven Lemmensinstituut

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Film
Interview patient
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Year: 2014 Publisher: Leuven LIMEL

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Dissertation
Durability of bioprosthetic mitral valves in children
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Geneeskunde

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The literature on the durability of bioprosthetic mitral valves in children is scarce. Mitral valve replacement is the last resort in the paediatric population after failure of valve repair, and indications are scarce. Biological valves offer the advantage of not requiring anticoagulation in children, but are prone to rapid degeneration. However, new tissue treatment techniques might slow down the degeneration of these valves, making them a more desirable option in the paediatric population. In this manuscript, our aim is to describe the durability of bioprosthetic mitral valves in children. We combined a literature review on this topic with a descriptive analysis of the paediatric population that received bioprosthetic mitral valves in the University Hospital Leuven (UZ Leuven). The literature search yielded 6 papers with very divergent results. Reintervention rates ranged from 22% to 88%, with an average time to reintervention ranging from 22 to 157 months. Reintervention rates were strongly related to the average age at surgery and the duration of follow-up. The analysis of 22 bioprosthetic mitral valves implanted in children at UZ Leuven between January 2000 and December 2019 showed a valve failure rate of 45.6% with an average time to reintervention of 67 months. Overall survival was 76.5%, with none of the deaths related to bioprosthetic valve degradation or failure. Two valves of the newest generation of bioprosthetic mitral valves have been implanted at UZ Leuven, and are still functional. Follow-up time is still too short to assess the valve degeneration process, so long-term follow-up will determine the viability of these valves.

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Dissertation
Is a skeletonized IMA harvesting for OPCAB surgery worth the effort? Comparison of wound healing and survival rate.
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Geneeskunde

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Abstract: Objective: To assess the influence of the harvesting technique of mammary arteries on wound infection and mortality after OPCAB surgery. In a retrospective study (n = 379), we evaluated different harvesting techniques for coronary bypass. We compared two groups so we could evaluate the benefit of skeletonized IMA harvesting versus conventional harvesting. In the first group (n = 99) are the first patients that underwent OPCAB surgery with skeletonized IMA harvesting. The second group consists of 280 patients that received mammary arteries, harvested in a conventional way. Materials and methods: We set up a database of the first patients with skeletonized harvesting, and included only the OPCAB surgeries. Then we set up a control group of 280 patients who underwent OPCAB surgery with mammary arteries harvested in a conventional manner. To compare these groups adequately, we evaluated different parameters. We focused specifically on sternal wound infection and survival as primary outcomes. Results: We found that using the skeletonized IMA harvesting offers a great advantage when done properly, and reduces the incidence of sternal wound problems. No difference could be observed in the infection rate. In the skeletonized group, we did find a reduction in mortality, however because of the short follow-up period no conclusive findings could be made.

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Dissertation
Alternatives to classic Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR): Sutureless aortic valve replacement (SU-AVR) and Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) explored and compared
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2019 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Geneeskunde

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Introduction Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease, affecting 12,4% of elderly patients over 75 years old. For those needing SAVR but who are ineligible to undergo such a demanding procedure, TAVI is a less invasive approach. Methods This study used data from patients undergoing SU-AVR at U.Z. Gasthuisberg, Leuven and data reported in the literature concerning TAVI to compare short- and long-term outcomes in both groups for moderate risk patients. The patients from the SU-AVR were a subgroup from a multi-center study, the Cavalier trial. A literature search was performed to attain data from patients, with a EUROSCORE II or STS risk score similar to the SU-AVR group, undergoing TAVI. Results The rate of permanent pacemaker implantation at hospital discharge after SU-AVR was 7.9%. At 1,2 and 3 years, the Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 90.2, 85.1 and 78.1, respectively. Median in-hospital length of stay after SU-AVR was 13.9±9.1. Occurrence of any paravalvular or mild to moderate central aortic valve leakage was 8.6% and 5.3%, respectively. Median transaortic peak gradient and mean gradient after SU-AVR were 27.8±10.3 and 15.3±6.1. The median effective orifice area at discharge was 1.53±0.5. Discussion We found that SU-AVR had a better survival, less need for pacemaker implantation and lower rates of paravalvular leakage, whereas TAVI had lower aortic-valve gradients, larger aortic valve areas and a shorter hospital stay. The overall better survival of patients treated with SU-AVR can partially be contributed to their slightly younger age. It is not known if the better hemodynamics in the TAVI group have a clinical effect, as aortic-valve hemodynamics are substantially improved in both the TAVI and SU-AVR group. Conclusion TAVI and SU-AVR are both safe alternatives to SAVR with proven efficacies. TAVI remains most beneficial in high risk patients while SU-AVR has found its place filling the gap between SAVR and TAVI. Studying Perceval valve (SU-AVR) data from U.Z. Gasthuisberg corroborates many findings described in the literature such as the higher incidence of paravalvular leakage and favorable valvular gradients in the TAVI group. However, lower mortality and need for pacemaker implantation in our Perceval cohort offer a slight discrepancy as these were not shown to be significantly different in previous publications. Future studies should focus on randomized trials and long term follow-up, as life expectancies for TAVI and SU-AVR candidates continue to increase.

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Dissertation
New Sizing Strategy in Sutureless Aortic Valves Leads to Lower Gradients Postoperatively and Less Pacemaker Implantations.
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculteit Geneeskunde

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Background Patients who underwent sutureless aortic valve replacement, using the Perceval bioprothesis valve, have reported high postoperative transvalvular gradients and a higher pacemaker implantation rate. Since 2017, a new sizing technique was implemented, with the intent of decreasing the prevalence of valve oversizing. Consequently these postoperative complications could be prevented. Methods We investigated 2 groups of patients (n = 787): Group 1 (n = 458) underwent sutureless aorta valve replacement between 2007 and 2017 utilizing the old sizing technique. In Group 2 (n = 329) our new sizing technique was implemented. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data were obtained and evaluated retrospectively. Results Group 1 and Group 2 were respectively 79 ± 5 vs. 78 ± 7 years old (p = 0.0227). While implementing our new sizing technique we observed a decrease in pacemaker implantation rate. (7.66% to 4.86% (p = 0.01)). Postoperative peak (24.0 ± 9.08 vs 27.8 ± 10.20 mmHg, p < 0.00001) and mean (15.3 ± 5.96 mmHg vs 13.3 ± 5.22 mmHg, p = 0.00001) gradients were significantly lower in the second group. The effective orifice area (1.53 ± 0.48 vs 1.74 ± 0.55 cm2; p < 0.0001) increased significantly. There was no evidence of increase of paravalvular leakage Conclusion Since the implementation of the new sizing technique, we observed a decrease in pacemaker implantation rate. We observed lower transvalvular gradients as well. Oversizing, and the complications that come with it, is avoided using our new sizing technique. These clear advantages emphasize the usefulness of the new sizing technique and we therefore recommend medical centers who perform sutureless valve replacement adopt it.

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