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The research studies included in this Special Issue highlight the fundamental contribution of the knowledge of environmental history to conscious and efficient environment conservation and management. The long-term perspective of the dynamics that govern the human–climate ecosystem is becoming one of the main focuses of interest in biological and earth system sciences. Multidisciplinary bio-geo-archaeo investigations into the underlying processes of human impact on the landscape are crucial to envisage possible future scenarios of biosphere responses to global warming and biodiversity losses. This Special Issue seeks to engage an interdisciplinary dialog on the dynamic interactions between nature and society, focusing on long-term environmental data as an essential tool for better-informed landscape management decisions to achieve an equilibrium between conservation and sustainable resource exploitation.

oasis --- Late Holocene --- n/a --- DISP --- spatio-temporal pattern --- medieval age --- Tarim Basin --- forestland governance --- arable land --- Côte d’Ivoire --- landscape change --- landscape change index --- livestock --- middle and lower reaches of Shule River Basin --- human-induced --- land use change --- vegetation change --- land cover --- climate change --- Deforestation --- mitigation --- eco-fragile area --- development --- native forest --- agricultural oasis expansion --- cities --- central Spain --- wetland --- vegetation cover --- urbanization --- human activity intensity --- sustainability --- dike-ponds --- case study --- army --- palaeoenvironmental reconstruction --- paleoecology --- farming radius --- peace --- landscape transformation --- Shunde District --- archaeological sites --- late Holocene --- NPPs --- pollen --- soil carbon --- NDVI --- Costa Rica --- land politics --- historical land-cover/use change --- grasslands --- land use --- land reconstruction --- China --- land-use intensity --- Northeast China --- resilience --- landscape dynamics --- palaeoecology --- political tradition --- forest landscape --- African politics --- pasture indicators --- land use changes --- Landsat --- mid-mountains --- climate --- RESTREND --- driving forces --- carbon neutral --- Mediterranean --- environment --- Horqin Sandy Land --- southern Italy --- land-use degree --- flood management --- Côte d'Ivoire

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Read this book to better understand the complexity and diversity of the countries of Africa. The contributions of this book investigate the adaptations and innovations that people on the African continent have developed in order to cope with their needs for food, housing and fuel in the different environments, like the Mediterranean, the desert and the tropical forest, and the changes of these environments through time. To elucidate these past interrelationships between the human agent and the environment, palaeo/archaeobotanical approaches are essential. Plants are an important part of the human diet, provide construction material for shelters and energy as fuel, and, moreover, the physiognomy of landscapes is to a large extent shaped by plants, while at same time humans have and have had an important role in shaping African environments. This book comprises the current state of the art of archaeobotanical research on the continent; archaeobotanists, botanists, anthropologists, ethnoarchaeologists, palaeoecologists, geographers and linguists bring together and discuss the evidence concerning matters such as: Plant use in foraging and agrarian societies, plant domestication, agricultural systems/history, foodways and culinary practices, human-environmental interactions, anthropic impacts and the spread of early agricultural communities. This book is the outstanding outcome of the recent meeting IWAA8 of archaeobotanists working on the African continent in Modena in 2015. The results stress the importance of integrative methods, cooperation between disciplines, and of constant exchange of data and knowledge. The meetings of the International Workgroup for African Archaeobotany were founded in 1994 with the first meeting in Mogilany, Poland. Since then workshops of African Archaeobotany have been held regularly every three years, in Leicester (1997), Frankfurt/Main (2000), Groningen (2003), London (2006), Cairo (2009), Vienna (2012) and Modena (2015).

Biology --- biologie --- Africa

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Social sciences (general)