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Why do young Saudis, night after night, joyride and skid cars on Riyadh's avenues? Who are these "drifters" who defy public order and private property? What drives their revolt? Based on four years of fieldwork in Riyadh, Pascal Menoret's Joyriding in Riyadh explores the social fabric of the city and connects it to Saudi Arabia's recent history. Car drifting emerged after Riyadh was planned, and oil became the main driver of the economy. For young rural migrants, it was a way to reclaim alienating and threatening urban spaces. For the Saudi state, it jeopardized its most basic operations: managing public spaces and enforcing law and order. A police crackdown soon targeted car drifting, feeding a nationwide moral panic led by religious activists who framed youth culture as a public issue. The book retraces the politicization of Riyadh youth and shows that, far from being a marginal event, car drifting is embedded in the country's social violence and economic inequality.
Sociology of culture --- Social change --- anno 1990-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- anno 2010-2019 --- Saudi-Arabia --- Automobile theft --- Cities and towns --- Industry. --- Marginality, Social --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Petroleum industry and trade. --- Youth --- Growth. --- Saudi Arabia.
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Islam --- Sociology of culture --- Internal politics --- anno 1900-1999 --- anno 2000-2009 --- Saudi-Arabia
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L'Arabie saoudite occupe aujourd'hui une place majeure sur l'échiquier géopolitique international. Malgré la suspicion qui s'est abattue sur elle depuis les attentats du 11 septembre, l'Arabie reste le principal allié des États-Unis au Moyen-Orient, place de choix qu'elle ne partage qu'avec Israël. Ses capacités pétrolières en font toujours le premier exportateur mondial, et son rôle au sein du monde musulman n'a cessé de se renforcer au cours des dernières années. Pourtant, ce pays reste très mal connu. Sa société longtemps fermée et son système politique opaque n'ont pas permis aux observateurs occidentaux de se libérer des clichés et des représentations. De l'exportation du pétrole à celle du wahhabisme, islam intolérant, l'Arabie saoudite semble ainsi n'avoir d'autre destin que d'être enviée, crainte ou haïe. La réalité saoudienne est cependant plus complexe et ne peut être décrite comme un simple mélange de modernité mal assimilée et de tradition moyenâgeuse. Pour comprendre les enjeux politiques et diplomatiques, mais également sociaux et économiques, liés à son évolution récente, il est indispensable d'aborder ce pays de l'intérieur, et de pénétrer les secrets d'une société en quête d'elle-même. Telle a été l'approche de Pascal Ménoret dans ce livre novateur. Grâce à un séjour d'un an à Riyad où il est arrivé quelques jours après le 11 septembre 2001, grâce à de nombreux voyages dans la Péninsule arabique, il s'attache à mettre en évidence les forces religieuses, politiques, sociales et économiques qui agitent aujourd'hui l'Arabie saoudite et contiennent en germe l'Arabie de demain.
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"Graveyard of Clerics is an ethnographic study of political action in Saudi Arabia. The book studies two phenomena that have rarely been analyzed together in the Middle East: urban sprawl and the politicization of religious activism. Suburbs emerged in Saudi Arabia after WWII, when the US oil company Aramco built racially segregated housing for its American employees and its Saudi, Arab, and Asian workforce. The country became an early non-western testing ground for urban growth techniques that, perfected in the United States before WWII, were widely exported during the Cold War: state guaranteed mortgages, standardized building and subdivision, and extensive freeway systems. Cheap gas, safe loans, and real estate speculation metamorphosed the Saudi landscape from the 1970s onward. Saudis started fleeing the inner cities, choked with car traffic and invaded by foreign migrants, to the peace and isolation of the suburbs. At the same time, autonomous religious movements emerged in the suburbs of Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, and Dammam between the late 1960s and the early 1980s. The Saudi Muslim Brotherhood, created by activists who had fled Egypt, Syria, and Iraq to avoid repression, developed within the cracks of the fledgling educational system. Various Salafi groups soon appeared in reaction to both the Muslim Brotherhood and the increased state control of religion and social life. In the 1970s and 1980s, the relative isolation of the suburbs allowed for the constitution and mobilization of vast activist networks. Religious activists politicized the suburban spaces where consumer debt and welfare benefits, boosted by the oil boom of the 1970s, had fostered political apathy. Islamists found followers through their powerful critique of the religious establishment (the senior Saudi 'ulama') and the country's military and economic alliance with the United States. Scholarship on Saudi religious movements typically focuses on ideology and rarely mentions the impact of US imperial policies on state building and space making. Graveyard of Clerics contests these well-trod narratives, which (1) fail to explain the emergence and resilience of vast political networks in highly repressive environments, (2) overlook the anti-imperialist undertone of religious protests, and (3) focus on elites while being oblivious of the vast majority of everyday activists. Combining interviews, archival research, analysis of secondary sources, and extensive field research, Graveyard of Clerics contends that activists use the spatial resources offered by urban sprawl to organize and protest. Taking Riyadh as a case study, Menoret analyzes what happens to Islamic activists when they hail from a wealthy, religious society. In the suburbs of Riyadh, religious activism is not primarily an expression of socioeconomic frustration. It most often represents conservative, homeowner-based politics in an environment that Islamic activists view as both questionable and promising. The book thus contributes to three bodies of literature: the study of global suburbs, the study of religion in Saudi Arabia, and the study of political activism in suburban spaces."--
Political participation --- Political activists --- Islam and politics --- Suburbs --- Political aspects --- Saudi Arabia --- Politics and government. --- Islamic action. --- Islamic movements. --- activism. --- boredom. --- everyday. --- protest. --- student activism. --- suburbs.
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Islam and politics --- Geopolitics --- Islam et politique --- Géopolitique --- Saudi Arabia --- Arabie Saoudite --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Politique et gouvernement --- Relations extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions sociales --- Politics and government. --- Géopolitique --- Relations extérieures --- Conditions économiques --- Saudi Arabia - Politics and government. --- Oussama Ben Laden et l'Arabie saoudite --- l'Occident --- l'île des Arabes --- identité nationale --- Bédouins --- sunnites et chiites --- Nadjd --- le wahhabisme --- la réforme de Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahhab --- la révolution nadjdie --- la religion --- mondialisation de l'islam saoudien --- l'islam et le pétrole --- l'Arabie --- les femmes --- les marchands du Hedjaz --- les Al Saoud --- islamisme belliqueux --- culturalisme religieux --- déterminisme économique --- le boom meurtrier de 1973 --- la dissidence --- nationalisme --- anti-impérialisme --- l'économie et la société --- stratégies macro-économiques --- la diversification et la régionalisation de l'économie --- modernisation sociale --- islam et bien-être --- civilisation urbaine --- le statut de la femme --- le voile et l'islam --- féminisme islamique --- la guerre du Golfe --- terrorisme --- la ré-islamisation de la jeunesse --- Abdallah --- Moyen-Orient
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« Avec ce compte-rendu de la conquête des Etats-Unis du point de vue de ses victimes, Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz nous rend un immense service. Renseigné en profondeur, éloquent et lucide, ce puissant récit d'un terrible crime prend aujourd'hui un sens renouvelé : les survivants rejoignent en effet désormais des peuples indigènes du monde entier pour lutter – autant par leurs idées que leurs actions – contre la destruction écologique du monde par la civilisation industrielle. » Noam Chomsky
Indians of North America --- Indians, Treatment of --- Historiography. --- Colonization. --- History. --- United States --- Race relations. --- Politics and government. --- Indiens d'Amérique -- États-Unis --- Européens -- États-Unis --- American Indians --- Ethnic relations
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Islamophobia --- Racism --- Social control --- Nature
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