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Book
Vergelijkend onderzoek naar de motoriek bij patiënten met het Chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom en een controlegroep
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Year: 1996 Publisher: Brussel VUB

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Wetenschappelijke vorming (WV2)
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ISBN: 9789464673135 Year: 2023 Publisher: Leuven Den Haag Acco

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N&IS
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ISBN: 9789463799720 Year: 2021 Publisher: Leuven Den Haag Acco

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Dissertation
De rol van bewegingsrichting in de coördinatie van de ledematen : de coalitie tussen egocentrische en allocentrische constraints

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Wetenschappelijke vorming (WV2)
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ISBN: 9789463797887 Year: 2020 Publisher: Leuven Acco

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Wetenschappelijke vorming (WV2)
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ISBN: 9789463799805 Year: 2020 Publisher: Leuven Acco

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Dissertation
Modulating neuroplasticity in the healthy and injured brain

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What is the optimal alternative training protocol for boosting neuroplasticity of the nervous system? The influence of tDCS and an optimized supplemental intervention on functional recovery of chronic stroke patients. Description This project addresses whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of the brain can enhance neuroplasticity in healthy adults and stroke survivors when applied during physical training or during supplementary interventions such as motor imagery and movement observation. tDCS is a non-invasive, safe, painless and cheap method that can be easily applied outside the hospital settings. Similarly, motor imagery and movement observation can be executed without further supervision, making them excellent interventions to increase amount and frequency of rehabilitation training also outside specialized centers. The general working hypothesis is that tDCS enhances the effect of physical practice and supplementary training (motor imagery /movement observation). In this translational research project, we will first test our hypothesis and identify the most effective intervention protocol in healthy subjects using a double-blind sham-controlled cross-overdesign to study behavioral and neural changes of the primary motor cortex. This study will inform a clinical phase in which the superior intervention protocol is compared to standard therapy of chronic stroke patients to test its therapeutic relevance using a double-blind, sham controlled, randomized clinical trial design. This study aims to bridge the gap that currently exists between fundamental research and the effective implementation of tDCS in clinical settings.

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Dissertation
Modulating writing skill learning in Parkinson’s disease : Novel insights into the effects of dopaminergic medication and transcranial direct current stimulation
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Leuven KU Leuven. Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing slowness and decreased movement size, affecting writing performance. Current available treatments for PD patients are unable to slow down the course of the disease, can induce motor fluctuations and offer only limited symptomatic relief. Motor relearning may partially alleviate the functional impact of PD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the potential to boost motor learning even more. Therefore, the aim of this project was to get better insight in the neurophysiological and behavioral representations of motor learning of writing skills and its interactions with tDCS and dopaminergic medication in PD.As a first step, we explored the discriminative ability of a short and simple timed tapping task on a smartphone to distinguish between the ON-OFF medication states in 32 patients. Task performance was measured during 7 days in the home setting at well-defined times after medication intake. Results revealed that tapping outcomes (i.e. frequency and inter-tap distance) on average were able to distinguish OFF from ON performance, both at 1 and 3 hours after medication intake. We also found excellent test-retest reliability within one day and learning effects over the 7 days. The most optimal discriminative ON-OFF accuracy for tapping frequency with the dominant hand was found at 1 hour after medication intake, after familiarization with the task (day 2) and before reaching a ceiling effect in learning (day 5). Despite the fact that we also showed a need for remote supervision, our overall compliance outcomes pointed to a great potential for this smartphone-based tapping task to detect daily medication response in PD.Subsequently, we explored whether an innovative writing task discriminated between 32 people with and 31 without PD-pathology and detected the effects of dopaminergic medication intake. A novel finding of this study was that PD patients OFF-medication not only showed decreased writing sizes compared to HC, but that particularly their up-stroke, and not their down-stroke, of writing was affected. Interestingly, dopaminergic medication improved overall writing amplitudes and the upstroke continuation in a letter sequence, but this occurred at the cost of the down-stroke trajectory. The impact of dopaminergic medication on writing performance was thus more complex than anticipated and direction-specific.In the next part, we conducted a pilot study and investigated whether 1 session of concurrent tDCS during training affected upper limb freezing and writing sequential up-and-down strokes in ten patients with PD compared to ten healthy controls (HC). We found that tDCS as applied to the primary motor cortex, compared to sham stimulation, relieved the number of freezing episodes during writing. We also found a subgroup-dependent variability in response to stimulation, as indicated by a beneficial effect of tDCS on stroke characteristics in the patients who reported freezing episodes in daily life but not in those without such episodes. Next, the effects of tDCS were analyzed on the consolidation of learning writing skills and cortical excitability. We showed that, compared to sham stimulation, tDCS improved writing performance by increasing writing size and velocity. Most importantly, benefits were sustained when patients received tDCS in the trained and untrained tasks on the tablet as well as for writing on paper unlike when receiving sham stimulation. The study was underpowered to reveal meaningful effects of the tDCS-boosted intervention on motor cortex excitability.Finally, the effects of writing training combined with tDCS versus sham on the primary motor cortex (M1) were investigated on the consolidation of writing skills as well as on the cortical excitability in M1 in the ON and OFF medication state. We recruited 39 patients and conducted a randomized blinded and sham-controlled study. We showed that tDCS improved consolidation after writing training as evidenced by retention and transfer of the learning increments as well as by the better ability to execute continued learning during a second training session, particularly when patients were ON medication. We also found that medication had a direct impact on writing performance but did not improve learning. Furthermore, after training the cortical inhibition was significantly increased in the tDCS compared to the sham group. Hence, these results provide robust evidence for tDCS-mediated consolidation of writing skills.Overall, this doctoral project provides the first robust knowledge on the added value of incorporating tDCS and smartphone-based ON-OFF assessments in the field of PD rehabilitation.

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Dissertation
The effect of long-term TENS treatment on cortical excitability in MS patients : A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2011 Publisher: Leuven K.U.Leuven. Faculteit Bewegings- en Revalidatiewetenschappen

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Dissertation
Een kwalitatieve exploratie van de obstakels voor het overbruggen van de evidence policy gap met het oog op een doelmatiger regelgeving voor de kinesitherapie

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Doel en design: Wereldwijd is er een duidelijke trend naar de integratie van meer ‘evidence’ op alle beleidsterreinen. Voor de gezondheidszorg in België is het een uitdaging om, gelet op de alsmaar toenemende druk om te besparen, de toegankelijkheid, de betaalbaarheid en de kwaliteit van de gezondheidszorg te vrijwaren, zo mogelijk zelfs te verhogen. Een van de centrale beleidsdoelstellingen van de regering Michel I was om het zorgaanbod te toetsen aan wetenschappelijk onderbouwde (‘evidence based’) criteria inzake noodzakelijkheid, doelmatigheid en kosteneffectiviteit. Onderzoek over de invloed van ‘evidence-based policy’ op de kwaliteit, de toegankelijkheid en de betaalbaarheid van kinesitherapeutische zorg is echter schaars, zeker in de Belgische context. Net omdat er zo weinig onderzoek beschikbaar is, wordt met dit kwalitatief exploratief onderzoek getracht na te gaan in welke mate de regelgeving volgens alle betrokken partijen reeds voldoet aan deze eis van ‘doelmatigheid’ in de regelgeving van de kinesitherapie en de invloed ervan op de kwaliteit, toegankelijkheid en betaalbaarheid. Er wordt nagegaan welke volgens de verschillende stakeholders de grootste drempels voor een doelmatiger regelgeving zijn, en hoe deze kunnen worden overwonnen. Studiepopulatie en datacollectie: Over de periode van een jaar werden vijf semi-gestructureerde experteninterviews afgenomen met zeven directe stakeholders die het beleid en de regelgeving zelf beïnvloeden, en werden twee focusgroepen georganiseerd met zeventien stakeholders die beïnvloed worden door de regelgeving en het beleid, met name patiëntenvertegenwoordigers en kinesitherapeuten. Data-analyse: De analyse gebeurde volgens de ‘grounded theory’-benadering met open en axiale codering. In de eerste fase verliepen de dataverzameling en -analyse gelijktijdig. Gezien het brede tijdsframe tussen het eerste en het laatste interview, werden de data in een tweede fase nogmaals gecodeerd om stabiliteit van de analyse te garanderen om tot een finale structuur met hoofdcategorieën, subcategorieën en onderlinge relaties te komen. De resultaten werden volgens het triangulatieprincipe getoetst aan de wetenschappelijke en grijze literatuur. Resultaten en conclusie: De onderzoeksvraag luidde als volgt: voldoet de huidige regelgeving inzake kinesitherapie volgens de betrokken stakeholders aan de actuele beleidsverwachtingen van toegankelijke, betaalbare en kwalitatief hoogstaande zorg met nadruk op doelmatigheid, in casu Evidence Based Practice? Het antwoord kan kort zijn: nee. Over het algemeen beschouwen de stakeholders de kinesitherapie in België wel als voldoende toegankelijk, kwalitatief hoogstaand en betaalbaar, maar is de doelmatigheid van de regelgeving en het gebruik van wetenschappelijk evidentie nog zeer beperkt en gebeurt dit niet op een structurele manier. Door de regering Michel I werden enkele eerste stappen gezet in de richting van een meer doelmatige invulling van de nomenclatuur en de conventie door het herwaarderen van honoraria en het herindelen van pathologiegroepen aan de hand van consumptiecijfers en wetenschappelijke evidentie. Dit zijn echter nog losstaande initiatieven die niet kaderen in een breder, meer op EBP gesteund en gericht beleid en een dito praktijk. Uit de analyse van de gesprekken met alle betrokken stakeholders blijkt dat er op tal van doorslaggevende aspecten, zoals b.v. de nomenclatuur

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