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Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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"In 1947, the president of the American Sociological Association, Louis Wirth, argued for the importance of housing as a field of sociological research. It may come as a surprise, then, to learn that the field has yet to be established. Instead, efforts to understand the place of housing in society have been largely subsumed within other disciplines, such as economics and urban planning. Over time, it has only become clearer how central a role housing plays in structuring our lives, from long-standing discriminatory lending practices that determine who can own a home and where, to unequal eviction practices, on up to the 2008 financial crisis and the decimation of the American housing market. With the collection of essays in this book, the editors and contributors propose to solidify the place of housing studies as a distinct subfield within the discipline of sociology, showing that housing is both an important element of multiple sociological subfields and a significant component of social life deserving of dedicated attention as a distinct area of research. The volume will take stock of the current field of scholarship and provide new directions for the sociological study of housing. The contributors showcase the very best traditions of sociology-they draw on diverse methodological approaches, present unique field sites and data sources, and foreground sociological theory to understanding contemporary housing issues. As a whole, the volume generates promising directions for the sociological analysis of housing and makes an argument for the official establishment of the subfield"--

Housing --- Discrimination in housing --- Equality --- Housing policy

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Since Brooklyn Heights was designated as New York City's first landmarked neighborhood in 1965, the Landmarks Preservation Commission has designated 120 historic neighborhoods in the city. This paper develops a theory of heterogeneous impacts across neighborhoods and exploits variation in the timing of historic district designations in New York City to identify the effects of preservation policies on residential property markets. We combine an extensive dataset of residential transactions during the 35-year period between 1974 and 2009 with data from the Landmarks Preservation Commission on the location of the city's historic districts and the timing of the designations. Designation raises property values within historic districts, but only outside of Manhattan. In areas where the value of the option to build unrestricted is higher, designation has a less positive effect on property values within the district. Consistent with theory, properties just outside the boundaries of districts increase in value after designation. There is also a modest reduction in new construction in districts after designation.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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Social Trends in American Life assembles a team of leading researchers to provide unparalleled insight into how American social attitudes and behaviors have changed since the 1970's. Drawing on the General Social Survey--a social science project that has tracked demographic and attitudinal trends in the United States since 1972--it offers a window into diverse facets of American life, from intergroup relations to political views and orientations, social affiliations, and perceived well-being. Among the book's many important findings are the greater willingness of ordinary Americans to accord rights of free expression to unpopular groups, to endorse formal racial equality, and to accept nontraditional roles for women in the workplace, politics, and the family. Some, but not all, signs indicate that political conservatism has grown, while a few suggest that Republicans and Democrats are more polarized. Some forms of social connectedness such as neighboring have declined, as has confidence in government, while participation in organized religion has softened. Despite rising standards of living, American happiness levels have changed little, though financial and employment insecurity has risen over three decades. Social Trends in American Life provides an invaluable perspective on how Americans view their lives and their society, and on how these views have changed over the last two generations.

Social surveys --- Public opinion --- United States --- Social conditions. --- American South. --- American adults. --- American life. --- American public. --- First Amendment. --- General Social Survey. --- Protestants. --- Republicans. --- Southerners. --- U.S. society. --- adult intelligence. --- behavior. --- blacks. --- conservatism. --- conservatives. --- crime rates. --- education. --- egalitarianism. --- employee well-being. --- equal treatment. --- family income. --- female roles. --- free expression. --- gender roles. --- government programs. --- happiness levels. --- happiness. --- informal social connectedness. --- institutional confidence. --- interpersonal networks. --- job satisfaction. --- job security. --- labor force participation. --- liberals. --- moderates. --- national spending. --- nonconformity. --- organized religion. --- political attitude. --- political conservatism. --- precarious employment. --- public opinion. --- public trust. --- punishment. --- quality of life. --- race. --- racial attitudes. --- racial equality. --- religion. --- religious affiliation. --- religious diversity. --- religious organizations. --- religious rituals. --- social attitudes. --- social networks. --- social order. --- social trends. --- socializing. --- sociopolitical attitudes. --- test performance. --- tolerance. --- unemployment. --- verbal knowledge. --- vocabulary test. --- white Americans.