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Numerous scientists have taken part in the war effort during World War I, but few gave it the passionate energy of the prominent Italian mathematician Volterra. As a convinced supporter of the cause of Britain and France, he struggled vigorously to carry Italy into the war in May 1915 and then developed a frenetic activity to support the war effort, going himself to the front, even though he was 55. This activity found an adequate echo with his French colleagues Borel, Hadamard and Picard. The huge correspondence they exchanged during the war, gives an extraordinary view of these activities, and raises numerous fundamental questions about the role of a scientist, and particularly a mathematician during WW I. It also offers a vivid documentation about the intellectual life of the time ; Volterra’s and Borel’s circles in particular were extremely wide and the range of their interests was not limited to their field of specialization. The book proposes the complete transcription of the aforementioned correspondence, annotated with numerous footnotes to give details on the contents. It also offers a general historical introduction to the context of the letters and several complements on themes related to the academic exchanges between France and Italy during the war.

Letters. --- Mathematicians --France --20th century --Correspondence. --- Mathematicians --Italy --20th century --Correspondence. --- Volterra, Vito, --1860-1940 --Correspondence. --- Mathematicians --- Mathematics - General --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- History. --- Math --- Mathematics. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History of Science. --- History, general. --- Science --- Scientists --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Volterra, Vito, --- Volterra, V.

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This book is a consequence of the international meeting organized in Marseilles in November 2018 devoted to the aftermath of the Great War for mathematical communities. It features selected original research presented at the meeting offering a new perspective on a period, the 1920s, not extensively considered by historiography. After 1918, new countries were created, and borders of several others were modified. Territories were annexed while some countries lost entire regions. These territorial changes bear witness to the massive and varied upheavals with which European societies were confronted in the aftermath of the Great War. The reconfiguration of political Europe was accompanied by new alliances and a redistribution of trade -- commercial, intellectual, artistic, military, and so on -- which largely shaped international life during the interwar period. These changes also had an enormous impact on scientific life, not only in practice, but also in its organization and communication strategies. The mathematical sciences, which from the late 19th century to the 1920s experienced a deep disciplinary evolution, were thus facing a double movement, internal and external, which led to a sustainable restructuring of research and teaching. Concomitantly, various areas such as topology, functional analysis, abstract algebra, logic or probability, among others, experienced exceptional development. This was accompanied by an explosion of new international or national associations of mathematicians with for instance the founding, in 1918, of the International Mathematical Union and the controversial creation of the International Research Council. Therefore, the central idea for the articulation of the various chapters of the book is to present case studies illustrating how in the aftermath of the war, many mathematicians had to organize their personal trajectories taking into account the evolution of the political, social and scientific environment which had taken place at the end of the conflict.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Mathematics --- Mathematicians --- Reconstruction (1914-1939) --- Mathématiques --- Mathématiciens --- Reconstruction, 1914-1939 --- History --- Professional relationships --- Histoire --- Relations professionnelles --- 1900-1999 --- Reconstrucció, 1914-1939 --- Història de la matemàtica --- History. --- Europa --- Història de la ciència --- Matemàtica --- Reconstrucció després de la Primera Guerra Mundial --- Problemes socials --- Relacions internacionals --- Math --- Science --- Estats i territoris --- Euràsia --- Alps --- Camí de Sant Jaume --- Corredor Mediterrani --- Danubi (Europa : Curs d'aigua) --- Europa central --- Europa de l'Est --- Europa del Nord --- Europa del Sud --- Europa occidental --- Països de la Unió Europea --- Rin (Europa : Curs d'aigua) --- Roine (Europa : Curs d'aigua) --- Tràcia (Regió històrica)

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This book is a consequence of the international meeting organized in Marseilles in November 2018 devoted to the aftermath of the Great War for mathematical communities. It features selected original research presented at the meeting offering a new perspective on a period, the 1920s, not extensively considered by historiography. After 1918, new countries were created, and borders of several others were modified. Territories were annexed while some countries lost entire regions. These territorial changes bear witness to the massive and varied upheavals with which European societies were confronted in the aftermath of the Great War. The reconfiguration of political Europe was accompanied by new alliances and a redistribution of trade -- commercial, intellectual, artistic, military, and so on -- which largely shaped international life during the interwar period. These changes also had an enormous impact on scientific life, not only in practice, but also in its organization and communication strategies. The mathematical sciences, which from the late 19th century to the 1920s experienced a deep disciplinary evolution, were thus facing a double movement, internal and external, which led to a sustainable restructuring of research and teaching. Concomitantly, various areas such as topology, functional analysis, abstract algebra, logic or probability, among others, experienced exceptional development. This was accompanied by an explosion of new international or national associations of mathematicians with for instance the founding, in 1918, of the International Mathematical Union and the controversial creation of the International Research Council. Therefore, the central idea for the articulation of the various chapters of the book is to present case studies illustrating how in the aftermath of the war, many mathematicians had to organize their personal trajectories taking into account the evolution of the political, social and scientific environment which had taken place at the end of the conflict.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Mathematics --- Mathematicians --- Reconstruction (1914-1939) --- Mathématiques --- Mathématiciens --- Reconstruction, 1914-1939 --- History --- Professional relationships --- Histoire --- Relations professionnelles --- 1900-1999 --- History. --- Europa --- Reconstrucció, 1914-1939 --- Història de la matemàtica

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Stochastic differential equations. --- Equations différentielles stochastiques

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Mathematical statistics --- Stochastic processes --- Processus stochastiques --- Probabilités. --- Markov, Processus de --- Markov processes --- Probabilities --- Probabilités --- Markov processes. --- Probabilities. --- Martingales