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Since its emergence in the second half of the nineteenth century, American environmentalism had predominantly been a white, middle-class pursuit, preoccupied with notions of wilderness and wildlife preservation. Only fairly recently, with the advent of the environmental justice movement in the 1980s, has American environmentalism broadened its definition of "environment" to include the concerns relevant to a community's way of living. Especially the concerns of poor urban communities of color, which have been exposed to environmental hazards disproportionately, have entered the political agenda. This volume shows that African Americans have contributed to the efforts of the environmental justice movement not only as political activists, but also as writers.

American literature --- American literature --- Amerikanisch. --- Ecology in literature. --- Ecology in literature. --- Environmental protection in literature. --- Environmental protection in literature. --- Geschichte. --- Literatur. --- Literatur. --- Motiv (Literatur). --- Schwarze. --- Umwelt (Motiv). --- Umwelt. --- Wilderness areas in literature. --- Wilderness areas in literature. --- African American authors --- History and criticism. --- African American authors. --- 1800-2000. --- Geschichte 1800-2000. --- Schwarze. --- USA --- USA. --- Literatur --- Umwelt

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Nature in Literary and Cultural Studies is a collection of essays written by European and North American scholars who argue that nature and culture can no longer be thought of in oppositional, mutually exclusive terms. They are united in an effort to push the theoretical limits of ecocriticism towards a more rigorous investigation of nature's critical potential as a concept that challenges modern culture's philosophical assumptions, epistemological convictions, aesthetic principles, and ethical imperatives. This volume offers scholars and students of literature, culture, history, philosophy, and linguistics new insights into the ongoing transformation of ecocriticism into an innovative force in international and interdisciplinary literary and cultural studies.

Ecocriticism --- Nature in literature --- Ecological literary criticism --- Environmental literary criticism --- Criticism --- Ecocriticism. --- Ecokritiek. --- Literatur. --- Nature in literature. --- Umwelt.

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American literature --- Catastrophical, The, in literature --- Ecology in literature --- History and criticism. --- Risk in literature --- Climatic changes in literature --- Climatic changes in mass media --- History and criticism --- Mass media

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Since the 1980s, "risk" has been one of the most productively employed categories of analysis in the social sciences. Risk theory and risk research in these disciplines have shown that pervasive risk awareness has increasingly reconfigured societies, politics, and cultures in our period of late modernity. The essays assembled in this volume extend risk research in the humanities to literary and cultural studies and analyze a wide range of literary and audiovisual texts that imagine human encounters with environmental risk in North America. They are grouped into three sections. The first sectio

American literature --- Catastrophical, The, in literature --- Ecology in literature --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism.