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Light is all around us – even when we do not see it. Our eyes do not detect the higher energy and shorter-than-visible-wavelength ultraviolet radiation, yet we know it is there from the sunburn we receive in Arizona. We know that window glass can block ultraviolet rays so we do not get a burn while driving with the windows rolled up. Our eyes do not detect the low-energy, long-wavelength infrared (IR) radiation but we know it exists from discussions of war applications and televised images of guided weapons targets. We also know about radio waves from the little boxes that talk to us and x-rays from the dentist's office. Patterns of Light, Chasing the Spectrum from Aristotle to LEDs, written by Steve Beeson and Jim Mayer starts with the visible – the straight path of light. It continues with chapters detailing reflection (mirrors, storefront windows) and refraction (eyeglasses, binoculars). Color is then introduced with the query "Why is the sky blue?" After answering that and other similar questions ("Why is snow white?"), the book goes beyond the visible to the infrared and ultraviolet. Patterns of Light’s many colorful photos and figures further aid in the reader’s grasp of the concepts discussed. Patterns of Light is a descriptive, rather than technical, book with the mathematics behind light included in the appendices. The book is designed for physics students of optics and engineering, but will certainly be enjoyed by all readers interested in gaining a broader perspective on light and its history.
Light. --- Optics. --- Physics --- Light --- Electromagnetic waves --- Light sources --- Spectrum analysis --- Microwaves. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Quantum Optics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Electrodynamics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Quantum optics. --- Optical engineering. --- Mechanical engineering --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Dynamics
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Experimental nuclear and elementary particle physics --- Nuclear physics --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Solid state physics --- Physicochemistry --- Materials sciences --- materiaalkennis --- deeltjesfysica --- kernenergie --- fysica --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders --- fysicochemie
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Optics. Quantum optics --- Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- IR spectroscopie --- lasers (technologie) --- kwantumleer --- elektromagnetisme --- fysicochemie --- spectrometrie --- optica --- Aristotle
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Ion implantation is one of the key processing steps in silicon integrated circuit technology. Some integrated circuits require up to 17 implantation steps and circuits are seldom processed with less than 10 implantation steps. Controlled doping at controlled depths is an essential feature of implantation. Ion beam processing can also be used to improve corrosion resistance, to harden surfaces, to reduce wear and, in general, to improve materials properties. This book presents the physics and materials science of ion implantation and ion beam modification of materials. It covers ion-solid interactions used to predict ion ranges, ion straggling and lattice disorder. Also treated are shallow-junction formation and slicing silicon with hydrogen ion beams. Topics important for materials modification, such as ion-beam mixing, stresses, and sputtering, are also described.
Ion implantation. --- Metals --- Finishing. --- Metal finishing --- Finishes and finishing --- Metal-work --- Implantation, Ion --- Ion bombardment --- Ion plating --- Particle acceleration. --- Optical materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Chemistry, Physical organic. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Chemistry, Physical organic --- Chemistry, Organic --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Optics --- Materials --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration --- Condensed matter. --- Electronic materials. --- Materials science. --- Physical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Electronic materials --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids
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The beauty, mystery, joy, and inspired observation of the human spirit that paintings evoke result from a complex of intuitive and cognitive choices made by the artist. An understanding of the genesis of these choices can be as elusive as the resulting imagery, but great paintings seem to initiate in us a curiosity about the ideas, methods, and mate- als used by their creators. In the twentieth century connoisseurship has been enriched by the application of methods of scientific analysis. The results of these investigations into the physical properties of paintings have shed new light on their authenticity and individual histories as well as on the craft in general. Developments in the fields of physics and chemistry have allowed us to understand still more about how we p- ceive and interact with paintings. This book is intended for those both inside and outside the field of art who wish to gain insight into the making of paintings. It is directed toward students, teachers, and scientists in engineering, physics, and chemistry as well as those in art, art history, and art conservation. This book grew out of the interdisciplinary undergraduate-level course Art, Isotopes, and Ana- sis taught at Cornell University by the two authors and supported in l- tures and seminars by three of the contributing authors: Dr. Richard Newman, of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Dr. Dusan Stulik, of the Getty Conservation Institute; and Prof.
Painting --- Appreciation. --- Chemical technology --- Culture --- Fine arts. --- Chemical engineering. --- Physics. --- Cultural and Media Studies. --- Fine Arts. --- Physics, general. --- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering. --- Study and teaching. --- Chemistry, Industrial --- Engineering, Chemical --- Industrial chemistry --- Engineering --- Chemistry, Technical --- Metallurgy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics
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Materials sciences --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Thin films --- Surfaces (Technologie) --- Analysis --- Analyse --- -Thin films --- -Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Characterization of surface --- Surface analysis --- Surface characterization --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Surface chemistry --- Analysis. --- -Analysis --- Films, Thin --- SPUTTERING --- ELECTRON DIFFRACTION --- Energy loss --- AUGER ELECTRONS --- RUTHERFORD SCATTERING --- X-RAY DIFFRACTION --- CHANNELING --- PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY --- Monograph --- Electrons --- Photoelectron spectroscopy. --- Spectroscopy, Photoelectron --- Electron spectroscopy --- Molecular orbitals --- Molecular spectra --- Molecular spectroscopy --- Photoelectricity --- Spectrum analysis --- Electron diffraction --- Diffraction --- Diffraction. --- Analytical chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) - Analysis --- Thin films - Analysis
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Radiochemical analysis --- Surface chemistry --- Applied chemical analysis --- Experimental solid state physics --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- fysicochemie --- Materials sciences --- Conferences - Meetings --- Thin films --- Congresses. --- Congresses
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Modern science and technology, from materials science to integrated circuit development, is directed toward the nanoscale. From thin films to field effect transistors, the emphasis is on reducing dimensions from the micro to the nanoscale. Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis concentrates on analysis of the structure and composition of the surface and the outer few tens to hundred nanometers in depth. It describes characterization techniques to quantify the structure, composition and depth distribution of materials with the use of energetic particles and photons. The book describes the fundamentals of materials characterization from the standpoint of the incident photons or particles which interrogate nanoscale structures. These induced reactions lead to the emission of a variety of detected of particles and photons. It is the energy and intensity of the detected beams that is the basis of the characterization of the materials. The array of experimental techniques used in nanoscale materials analysis covers a wide range of incident particle and detected beam interactions. Included are such important interactions as atomic collisions, Rutherford backscattering, ion channeling, diffraction, photon absorption, radiative and nonradiative transitions, and nuclear reactions. A variety of analytical and scanning probe microscopy techniques are presented in detail.
Thin films. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Microstructure --- Nanotechnology --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Nanotechnology. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Materials science. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Qualitative --- Materials --- Surfaces. --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Tribology --- Surfaces --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry --- Materials—Analysis. --- Surfaces (Technology). --- Spectrum analysis. --- Characterization and Analytical Technique. --- Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film.
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