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U.R.S.S. --- REPUBLIQUES BALTES --- U.R.S.S. --- REPUBLIQUES BALTES

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The paper advocates leveraging anti-money laundering (AML) measures to enhance tax compliance, tackle tax crimes, and, in turn, help mobilize domestic revenues. While AML measures have already been deployed to improve tax compliance, including during the European debt crisis, the benefits that such measures could bring to the integrity of the tax system are yet to be fully realized. In recent years, the relevance of AML measures for tax purposes resurfaced in public discourse in light of numerous data leaks that provided ample evidence of the closely intertwined nature of tax crimes and money laundering. There might now be the right political momentum for greater utilization of AML measures given post-pandemic calls for a more progressive tax system, elevated sovereign debt burdens, a challenging global economic outlook, and widespread cost-of-living crisis. In this context, the IMF has stressed the importance of rebuilding fiscal buffers, as countries with more fiscal room are better placed to weather the economic slowdown and protect households and businesses.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Criminology --- Taxation --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Crime & criminology --- Public finance & taxation --- Tax planning and compliance --- Crime --- Revenue administration --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Money laundering --- Crime--Economic aspects --- Tax administration and procedure --- Tax evasion

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The trade in precious metals and stones has been linked to illicit financial flows, corruption, smuggling, drug trafficking, illicit arms trafficking, and the financing of terrorism. In addition, the extraction of precious minerals and the subsequent trade in these resources, if properly managed, present significant revenue opportunities, particularly for countries facing development needs. Building on staff expertise in anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) and technical support and analytical advice on the management of natural resources, this note is a reference guide to aid countries in using the AML/CFT framework to help combat crime related to and affecting the precious minerals sector while raising revenue.

Money laundering. --- Laundering of money --- Money washing --- Washing of money --- Commercial crimes --- Investments: Metals --- Natural Resource Extraction --- Natural Resources --- Criminology --- Tax Evasion and Avoidance --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Metals and Metal Products --- Cement --- Glass --- Ceramics --- Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General --- Environmental management --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Investment & securities --- Extractive industries --- Crime & criminology --- Non-renewable resources --- Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) --- Gold --- Mining sector --- Crime --- Environment --- Commodities --- Economic sectors --- Natural resources --- Money laundering --- Mineral industries --- Crime--Economic aspects --- United States