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Der südafrikanische Ministerpräsident Hendrik Verwoerd wird von vielen als "Architekt der Apartheid" eingeschätzt. In Wirklichkeit lag seine Stärke vor allem darin, die Ideen anderer zur Rassentrennung in ein scheinbar kohärentes und logisches System zu bringen. Dabei war er keineswegs ein kolonialer Konservativer, sondern ein autoritärer Modernisierer, der Apartheid als zukunftweisendes Konzept verstand. In dieser Untersuchung wird erstmals Verwoerds akademische Karriere als promovierter Psychologe mit seiner politischen Laufbahn in Verbindung gebracht, wodurch die Kontinuitäten in seinem Denken sichtbar werden. Im Zentrum der Arbeit, die auf umfangreichen Archivstudien beruht, steht das politische Denken Verwoerds, das sich durch Rigidität und Inflexibilität auszeichnete. Der Psychologe wie der Rassenpolitiker hatte ein starkes Bedürfnis nach eindeutigen Zuordnungen, die er als "logisch" konsistent zu präsentieren wusste. Darüber hinaus werden seine Versuche, Südafrika zu einer regionalen Großmacht zu entwickeln sowie die wachsende außenpolitische Isolation Südafrikas behandelt, die ihrerseits ein Resultat der Repression gegen politische Gegner und gegen die schwarze Bevölkerungsmehrheit war. Using the example of Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd (1958–1966), this study examines the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa. For the first time, it spotlights Verwoerd’s intellectual development, including his politics of radical racial separation. By his domestic political repression, Verwoerd led his country into international isolation.

Apartheid. --- Dekolonialisierung. --- Ideengeschichte. --- Internationale Beziehungen. --- Rassismus. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economic History. --- decolonization. --- history of ideas. --- international relations. --- racism. --- Apartheid --- Afrikaners --- Racism --- Ethnic identity --- Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch, --- Afrikaner Broederbond --- South Africa --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Separate development (Race relations) --- Segregation --- Anti-apartheid movements --- Post-apartheid era --- Verwoerd, H. F. --- Afrikanerskiĭ bruderbond --- Broederbond. --- Bruderbond --- África del Sur --- África do Sul --- Afrika Selatan --- Afrique du Sud --- Azania --- Dél-Afrika --- Dél-Afrikai Köztársaság --- Derom Afriḳah --- Dorem-Afriḳe --- Güney Afrika --- Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti --- iRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika --- iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika --- iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika --- iRiphabliki yomZantsi Afrika --- I͡U.A.R. --- I͡UAR --- I͡Uzhno-Afrikanskai͡a Respublika --- I͡Uzhno-Afrikanskiĭ Soi͡uz --- Janūb Ifrīqiy --- Jihoafrická republika --- Juhoafrická republika --- Jumhūrīyat Janūb Ifrīqiy --- Južná Afrika --- Južnoafrički savez --- Minami Afurika Kyōwakoku --- Nan Fei --- Nan Fei Gongheguo --- Nanfei --- Nanfei Gongheguo --- Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa --- Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa --- Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa --- Repubblica del Sud Africa --- Republic of South Africa --- República da África do Sul --- República de Sudáfrica --- Republiek van Suid-Afrika --- Republik Südafrika --- Republik Suedafrika --- Republika Południowej Afryki --- République Sud Africaine --- Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga --- Riphabul̳iki ya Afurika Tshipembe --- RSA --- Sud África --- Sudáfrica --- Südafrika --- Suid-Afrika --- Unie van Suid-Afrika --- Union of South Africa

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Africa --- Afrique --- History. --- Histoire

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Ethnology --- Ethnology --- Explorers --- Explorers --- Historiography --- History --- History --- History --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Discovery and exploration. --- Historiography.

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In 1957, Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country in Africa to achieve independence. The key African figure in this process was Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of the new state. Having studied in the USA and in London he was influenced by socialist and pan-African ideals. His ambitious projects in the fields of education and scientific as well as technological development provided an example for other former colonies. But in 1966 he was overthrown by a military coup supported by the USA and died in exile in 1972. Fifty years later, his memory is omnipresent in Ghanaian society and in other African countries. Still, his achievements are a subject of controversy. Was he a hero of the anti-colonial struggle or an authoritarian dictator? This volume presents chapters by researchers from Ghana, Austria, Germany, and the USA. They analyse the visionary politics of Nkrumah, investigate the reasons for the growing protest against his rule and shed new light on the background of the coup. The last part is dedicated to questions of evaluation and memory. Fifty years after his fall from power, new research and distance from the events allow for a more balanced judgment of Nkrumah

Nkrumah, Kwame, --- Ghana --- Ghana --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement

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Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd (1958–1966) is widely regarded as the mastermind of apartheid in South Africa. This study examines how he developed the ideology of racial separation into a comprehensive system. It also looks into Verwoerd’s intellectual development and his academic career before he entered politics. Apartheid was to Verwoerd less a defense of colonialism but a policy for the future, he was an authoritarian modernizer and a true representative of the Age of Extremes.

Race relations. --- African Americans --- White supremacy movements. --- Civil rights. --- Apartheid. --- decolonization. --- history of ideas. --- international relations. --- racism.