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In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the on-board clocks are a key component from which timing and navigation signals are generated. This thesis reviews the performance of the first Passive Hydrogen Maser (PHM) launched by the Galileo system in 2008; and demonstrates how the new PHM can be consider as the best clock in space, pushing the physical clock error contribution below the noise floor of geodetic time transfer capabilities. Furthermore, overall GNSS clock peformance is reviewed

Atomic Clocks --- Time prediction --- clock performance --- Satellite Navigation --- GNSS

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'This volume aims to uncover the political, social and cultural factors that influenced the development of sanitary quarantine to combat epidemics in the Mediterranean during the long nineteenth century. Contributions to the book provide new interdisciplinary insights to the vibrant field of quarantine studies through the analytical lenses of space, identity and power.The circum-Mediterranean spread of case studies in the volume sheds light on the similarities and differences in the use and evolution of quarantines across the region. From Southern to Northern shores, chapters present coverage across Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Italian, English and French speaking domains. The book as a whole engages a wide range of terms, sources, bibliography, interpretative tools and views produced and elaborated in the Mediterranean context.This book is of interest to the global community of medical historians as well as scholars and students of colonial history, cultural studies of the Arab-Islamic world, human geographers and contemporary international relations' --Back cover. Mediterranean quarantines investigates how quarantine, the centuries-old practice of collective defence against epidemics, experienced significant transformations from the eighteenth century in the Mediterranean Sea, its original birthplace. The new epidemics of cholera and the development of bacteriology and hygiene, European colonial expansion, the intensification of commercial interchanges, the technological revolution in maritime and land transportation and the modernisation policies in Islamic countries were among the main factors behind such transformations. The book focuses on case studies on the European and Islamic shores of the Mediterranean showing the multidimensional nature of quarantine, the intimate links that sanitary administrations and institutions had with the territorial organisation of states, international trade, political regimes and the construction of national, colonial and professional identities.

Quarantine --- History. --- Political aspects --- Law and legislation --- Lazarettos --- Communicable diseases --- Public health --- Prevention --- European history --- Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900 --- Social & cultural history --- Society & social sciences --- History of medicine --- long 19th century --- power --- quarantine --- mediterranean --- space --- identity --- Medicine. --- Medicine: general issues. --- History of medicine. --- MEDICAL / History.

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