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History of civilization --- anno 1800-1999 --- France --- Social sciences --- Nature and nurture --- Sciences sociales --- Hérédité et milieu --- History --- Histoire --- Hérédité et milieu --- History.

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Psychological study of literature --- Thematology --- Depth psychology --- Love --- History. --- History

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In the late 1990's, economic and financial crises raged through East Asia, devastating economies that had previously been considered among the strongest in the developing world. The crises eventually spread to Russia, Turkey, and Latin America, and impacted the economies of many industrialized nations as well. In today's increasingly interdependent world, finding ways to reduce the risk of future crises-and to improve the management of crises when they occur-has become an international policy challenge of paramount importance. This book rises to that challenge, presenting accessible papers and commentaries on the topic not only from leading academic economists, but also from high-ranking government officials (in both industrial and developing nations), senior policymakers at international institutions, and major financial investors. Six non-technical papers, each written by a specialist in the topic, provide essential economic background, introducing sections on exchange rate regimes, financial policies, industrial country policies, IMF stabilization policies, IMF structural programs, and creditor relations. Next, personal statements from the major players give firsthand accounts of what really went on behind the scenes during the crises, giving us a rare glimpse into how international economic policy decisions are actually made. Finally, wide-ranging discussions and debates sparked by these papers and statements are summarized at the end of each section. The result is an indispensable overview of the key issues at work in these crises, written by the people who move markets and reshape economies, and accessible to not just economists and policymakers, but also to educated general readers. Contributors: Montek S. Ahluwalia, Domingo F. Cavallo, William R. Cline, Andrew Crockett, Michael P. Dooley, Sebastian Edwards, Stanley Fischer, Arminio Fraga, Jeffrey Frankel, Jacob Frenkel, Timothy F. Geithner, Morris Goldstein, Paul Keating, Mervyn King, Anne O. Krueger, Roberto Mendoza, Frederic S. Mishkin, Guillermo Ortiz, Yung Chul Park, Nouriel Roubini, Robert Rubin, Jeffrey Sachs, Ammar Siamwalla, George Soros

International finance --- Business cycles --- Financial crises --- Economic stabilization --- Economic policy --- International Monetary Fund --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 333.432.8 --- 333.425 --- 333.481 --- -Economic stabilization --- -Economic policy --- -338.542 --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Metalen geld. --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering. --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Международный валютный фонд --- Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Fonds monétaire international --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Fondul Monetar International --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawlī --- Fondo M. Internacional --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Mulya Aramudala --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c té̂ --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- صندوق النقد الدولي --- 国际货币基金组织 --- 国際通貨基金 --- 國際貨幣基金組織 --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwalī --- DNT (Organization) --- Economic policy. --- Economic policy - Congresses. --- Economic stabilization. --- Economic stabilization - Congresses. --- Financial crises - Congresses. --- Financial crises. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- 338.542 --- Metalen geld --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- IMF --- E-books --- Financial crises - Congresses --- Economic stabilization - Congresses --- Economic policy - Congresses --- International Monetary Fund - Congresses --- economy, economics, finance, money, wealth, income, marketplace, new, contemporary, modern, 21st century, crisis, history, historical, 1990s, asia, eastern world, developing, russia, turkey, latin america, international, global, industrial, policy, essay collection, academic, scholarly, research, government, investor, technical, imf, stabilization, structural.

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Generals --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Généraux --- 2ème Guerre mondiale --- Biography --- Prisoners and prisons --- Biographies --- Prisonniers et prisons --- Gamelin, Maurice Gustave, --- Military leadership --- Leadership militaire --- France. --- Biographie --- France --- Military policy --- History --- Politics and government --- Politique militaire --- Histoire --- Politique et gouvernement --- Généraux --- 2ème Guerre mondiale --- Gamelin, Maurice Gustave --- France. Armée --- 1914-1940 --- 20th century --- Gamelin, Maurice Gustave, 1872-1958 - Military leadership. --- Generals - France - Biography. --- France. Armée - Biography. --- France - Politics and government - 1914-1940. --- France - Military policy - History - 20th century. --- World War, 1939-1945 - France - Prisoners and prisons.

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Aging, Creativity and Art: A Positive Perspective on Late-Life Development explores the strengths and opportunities of old age as these are manifested by the accomplishments of aging artists, late artistic works, and elderly arts audiences. The book draws on scholarship in the humanities, primarily in art history; examines mainly paintings and painters, both historical and contemporary; reviews empirical research on creativity and cognition, predominantly from psychology and gerontology; and presents the author's original studies, including surveys of art historians, questionnaires completed by aging artists and arts audiences, and experiments involving judgments of art by laypersons. The research presented in Aging, Creativity and Art: A Positive Perspective on Late-Life Development suggests that creativity continues into the later years; higher-order mental abilities related to creativity, like imagination and problem-solving, persist until late in life; and the elderly's physical, sensory, mental, and interpersonal competencies may be enhanced by engagement with the arts. This work interrelates the disciplines of science, the humanities, and the arts to form a synthesis that builds on the strengths of the methods of quantification of science; the emphasis on the individual in the humanities; and the expressive and intuitive modes of communication in the arts. Aging, Creativity and Art: A Positive Perspective on Late-Life Development critically examines the psychology of creativity, cognitive development, and gerontology, and will be of interest to a wide range of professionals and students in these fields.

Aged artists --- Creatie (Literaire, artistieke, enz.) --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Creative ability in art --- Création (esthétique) --- Création artistique --- Création littéraire, artistique, etc. --- Schepping (Literaire, artistieke, enz.) --- Aged --- -Aged artists --- Creative ability in old age --- #PBIB:2003.3 --- Aged as artists --- Artists --- Aging people --- Elderly people --- Old people --- Older adults --- Older persons --- Senior citizens --- Seniors (Older people) --- Age groups --- Persons --- Gerontocracy --- Gerontology --- Old age --- Older people --- Creative ability in literature --- Art --- Imagination --- Inspiration --- Literature --- Creative ability --- Originality --- Psychology --- Older artists --- Geropsychology --- Psychology. --- Clinical psychology. --- Aging. --- Social work. --- Psychology, general. --- Clinical Psychology. --- Social Work. --- Benevolent institutions --- Philanthropy --- Relief stations (for the poor) --- Social service agencies --- Social welfare --- Social work --- Human services --- Age --- Ageing --- Senescence --- Developmental biology --- Longevity --- Age factors in disease --- Psychiatry --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychological tests --- Behavioral sciences --- Mental philosophy --- Mind --- Science, Mental --- Human biology --- Philosophy --- Soul --- Mental health --- Physiological effect