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The paper is based on a scenario workshop held on January 20, 2009, where leading financial and private sector development experts from IFC, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank discussed the unfolding crisis. This paper is a product of the staff of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. The scenarios described in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The scenarios described serve as the basis of a planning exercise and are not to be interpreted as forecasts or projections on the part of the World Bank Group or the authors of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to sketch scenarios taking into account the information currently at hand. In this way, scenarios can provide decision makers with alternative views of the future. Decision makers can test their strategies against the different ways in which the future might play out. Scenarios provide a framework for debate, leading to better policy making and strategies. They are especially useful in situations where major global changes are under way but there is huge uncertainty over what may happen. Staffs of the World Bank Group are providing these scenarios to help governments and organizations prepare for an uncertain future. Being well prepared and open to thinking about different outcomes is much better than continually being behind the curve and having to chase events.
Access to Markets --- Arbitration --- Bailouts --- Banking Sector --- Bankruptcy --- Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies --- Capital Flows --- Capital Markets --- Capital Requirements --- Central Banks --- Commodity Prices --- Consumers --- Developing Countries --- Economic Conditions and Volatility --- Economic Development --- Economic Forecasting --- Economic Policy --- Entrepreneurs --- Equity Markets --- Ethnic Minorities --- Exchange Rates --- Exporters --- Federal Reserve --- Financial Crisis --- Financial Institutions --- Financial Regulation --- Financial Sector --- Foreign Direct Investment --- Fraud --- Gdp --- Global Economy --- Globalization --- Housing --- Inflation --- Insurance --- Insurance Industry --- Interest Rates --- International Cooperation --- Investment Banks --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Marxism --- Migrant Workers --- Migration --- Monetary Policy --- Mortgages --- Natural Resources --- Patents --- Productivity --- Protectionism --- Public Debt --- Public Policy --- Purchasing Power --- Purchasing Power Parity --- Recession --- Regulators --- Remittances --- Retirement --- Risk Management --- Savings --- Savings Rate --- Social Safety Nets --- Trade Protection --- Unemployment --- Venture Capital --- World Development Indicators --- World Trade Organization
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L’eau constitue une ressource à la fois vitale pour les populations et stratégique pour les économies des Amériques. Dans un contexte de changement climatique et d’accroissement des pressions d’usage, accéder à l’eau n’est plus garanti, ce qui avive les conflits et conduit les États à modifier leurs politiques hydriques. Si les villes américaines constituent des scènes pertinentes pour inventer des modes de gestion plus attentifs à l’environnement, les rapports de forces entre groupes sociaux et les inerties institutionnelles semblent cependant entraver la consolidation de tout processus de changement. Les contributions interdisciplinaires et internationales réunies dans cet ouvrage présentent les enjeux de la conservation et du juste partage des eaux dans les sociétés américaines contemporaines. Elles entendent contribuer à l’analyse des conditions d’émergence de nouveaux paradigmes en matière de politiques hydriques.
Environmental Studies --- Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary --- agriculture --- conflit --- eau --- écologie politique --- Amérique du Nord --- Amérique latine --- sciences sociales --- conflict --- water --- social sciences --- farming --- political ecology --- North America --- Latin America --- América latina --- América del Norte --- ciencias sociales --- agua --- agricultura --- conflictos --- ecología política
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