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Tourism --- Government policy. --- Environmental aspects. --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Tourism and state --- Tourist trade and state --- Economic aspects

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The hotel industry has gone through important transformations, not only in terms of management and operation but also in terms of interaction with consumers. Technological development and adaptation to the digital era have been one of the greatest challenges for hotels. This book aims to fill the gap in the literature in this specific area of the tourism sector and contribute to a better understanding of trends and challenges in the hotel industry on a global scale.

Tourism --- Business policy --- Business management --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- bedrijfseconomie --- management --- informatica management --- toerisme

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Economic development and social welfare depend on the existence of effective and efficient infrastructure systems, particularly in health, energy, transportation and water, many of which are developed and managed through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, empirical evidence suggests some pitfalls in the use of these PPP arrangements. This book addresses these issues, focusing on mostly three key questions: How to improve the robustness of the decision-making process leading to the option of PPP? How to improve contract management as the longest phase of the process? How can contracts be improved to accommodate uncertainty and avoid harmful renegotiations? The authors explore the concept of flexible contracts, the uncertainty modeling for improving the robustness of the decision-making process, and develop an overall framework for effective contract management, along with a comprehensive analysis of current renegotiation patterns. The ultimate goal is to improve the contractual performance, as well as the overall infrastructure management and social welfare. .

Methodology of economics --- Public finance --- Finance --- Public economics --- Economics --- Business management --- Business economics --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- financieel management --- bedrijfseconomie --- economie --- overheidsfinanciën --- ingenieurswetenschappen

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This discussion paper supplements the 2018 World Bank Global Study on Aligning Institutions and Incentives for Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS), which promotes holistic approaches in shaping policies, institutions, and regulation. The paper examines how lower-, lower-middle-, and middle-income countries (LMICs) could implement more effective regulation to deliver sustainable WSS outcomes by considering political, legal, and institutional realities. Rather than importing "best practice" models, experience has emphasized the importance of developing "best fit" regulatory frameworks aligned with policy and institutional frameworks of LMICs. To this end, this discussion paper provides an overview of three regulatory aspects-objectives, forms, and functions-to support practitioners as they consider their own regulatory reform options. It discusses the objectives of water sector regulation in LMICs, types of regulatory arrangements and structures that are being used in LMICs, and instruments and methods that regulators in LMICs use to implement their mandated functions and ends with suggestions on where the WSS community goes from here to better understand the preconditions for effective regulation. This paper does not offer definitive conclusions but rather provides suggestions on the way forward through a phased approach to regulatory reform. Importantly, it sheds light on issues that warrant further investigation to determine the future of WSS regulation in LMICs.

Incentives --- Sanitation and sewerage --- Water supply --- Water supply and sanitation --- Water supply and sanitation economics --- Water supply and sanitation governance and institutions