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In Persian literary history Firdawsī's (d. 411/1020) Shāh-nāma , the famous masnavi composed in celebration of the history of the kings and dynasties of Persia, is the archetypal epic poem. After the Shāh-nāma , many other epic poems saw the light, among them Asadī Ṭūsī's Garshāsp-nāma (dated 458/1066) and Īrānshāh b. Abi ʼl-Khayr's Bahman-nāma (dated 501/1107-08). There are also Shīʿī adaptations, celebrating the wondrous exploits of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and the beginnings of Shīʿism, like Rabīʿ's ʿAlī-nāma (dated 482/1089) or Ibn Ḥusām's Khawarān-nāma (completed in 830/1427). The present work unites seven poems around themes inspired by the Shāh-nāma , each of unknown authorship: the Kuk Kūhzād-nama , Dāstān-i Babr-i Bayān , Dāstān-i Patyārah and Razm-nāma-yi Shakāvandkūh , all of the 5-6th/11-12th centuries; the Bīzhān-nāma of the 10th/16th century; and the Tahmīna-nāma-yi kutāh and Tahmīna-nāma-yi buland , not before the 9-10th/15-16th century. The poems each come with an introduction, followed by the text of the work itself. Includes vocabulary and indices.
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The history of Arabic and Persian lexicography is long and extremely varied. But no matter what dictionary one is looking at, it is always organized in a certain way and always has a certain level of detail. Thus, some of the early Arabic dictionaries centered around one or more particular themes, such as insects or weapons. Other dictionaries, and this the majority, brought together any word material, irrespective of subject or theme. Besides, some dictionaries offered a lot of material in explanation of some term while others offered less. And then, some dictionaries contained explanations or samples in verse rather than prose. Examples of the latter in Persian are Ibrāhīm Qawām Fārūqī's Sharafnāma-yi Manyarī (877/1472) and the Lughat-i Furs by the poet Abū Naṣr Asadī Ṭūsī (d. 465/1072). The dictionary edited here for the very first time stands in this same tradition. Composed in the 10th/16th century, in contains 1600 entries in Persian and Arabic.
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Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadānī's (d. 718/1319) Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh has been described by many as the first world history ever. Composed in Persian for the Mongol Il-khans Ghāzān (r. 1295-1304) and Öljeitü (Uljāytu, r. 1304-16), its aim was to set out the history and condition of the Mongol people, conquerors of the world (part one), followed by a description of the other peoples and nations of the world and their histories (part two). Given its unprecedented scope, Rashīd, vizier to both rulers, mobilized a whole team of specialists, informants, and collaborators to assist him in his task. Making use of written and oral sources, the part on the Mongols is a key source on the emergence and organisation of the Mongol empire, while the second part constitutes the first attempt ever at writing a history of the world. The section published here describes the history of the Samanids, the Buyids and the Ghaznavids.
Ghaznevids. --- Buwayhids. --- Samanid dynasty, --- Iran --- History
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Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadānī's (d. 718/1319) Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh has been described by many as the first world history ever. Composed in Persian for the Mongol Il-khans Ghāzān (r. 1295-1304) and Öljeitü (Uljāytu, r. 1304-16), its aim was to set out the history and condition of the Mongol people, conquerors of the world (part one), followed by a description of the other peoples and nations of the world and their histories (part two). Given its unprecedented scope, Rashīd, vizier to both rulers, mobilized a whole team of specialists, informants, and collaborators to assist him in his task. Making use of written and oral sources, the part on the Mongols is a key source on the emergence and organisation of the Mongol empire, while the second part constitutes the first attempt ever at writing a history of the world. The section published in these three volumes describes the history of Iran and Islam. Section: Iran, 3 vols; volume 1.
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When the Qajar ruler Fatḥ ʿAlī Shāh (d. 1834) acceded to the throne in Tehran in 1797, he was confronted with many challenges. On the one side, foreign powers like England, France and Russia sought to increase their influence in Persia while internally his authority was disputed in different parts of the empire. A major concern was Khurāsān, where he had various challengers. Desirous to increase his presence there, he put his 15-year old son Muḥammad Walī Mīrzā (d. 1864) in charge of Khurasān in 1803. Over the next 14 years, Walī Mīrzā did much to assert Qajar control over Khurāsān, something in which he was for the most part succesful. The present work is an account of Walī Mīrzā's rule in Khurāsān. Written by Muḥammad Taqī Nūrī, vizier and intimate of the court, it constitutes a rare and detailed source of information on people and events in Khurāsān in that period.
Qājār, Fatḥ ʻAlī Shāh, --- Muḥammad Shāh, --- Iran --- History
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Quṭb al-Dīn Lāhījī (d. ca. 1088-95/1677-1684) was a philosopher and traditional Islamic scholar who also took an interest in mathematics. He was a student of Mīr Dāmād (d. 1040/1630-31) of the 'School of Isfahan' in philosophy, as well as a contemporary of the philosopher, traditionist and mystic Muḥsin Fayḍ Kāshānī (d. 1091/1680). After his studies in Isfahan, Lāhījī returned to Lāhījān. There he was entrusted with the office of Shaykh al-Islām which his elder brother had held for three years before him, in succession to their father, who had been Shaykh al-Islām of Lāhījān before then. He held this office for many years. Among his works are Maḥbūb al-qulūb (history of philosophy), Fānūs al-khayāl (the imaginal world in Illuminationist philosophy) and the Tafsīr-i sharīf-i Lāhījī (Qurʾān interpretation). The present collection of mathematical puzzles aims to show the fun and practical use of mathematics. As a Persian text, it is quite rare in its kind.
Cooking, Iranian. --- Cooking --- History.
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The Islamic manuscript has many forms and shapes, from notes on a scrap of paper to the most preciously illuminated manuscript that can compete with the best one can find in the western world. Usually, a text would be written out at least twice: first as a draft and then as a clean copy from which later copies would be made. Usually, draft versions would either be destroyed, or washed and dried as a means to save paper, or used as reinforcement material by the bookbinder. Thus very few drafts have come down to us. And this is precisely what lends the present manuscript, containing a draft commentary on Qurʾān 24:35 (the celebrated Light Verse) by the famous 11th/17th-century philosopher Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī (d. 1050/1640) its special interest. Also in this manuscript: sundry notes on the Qurʾān and excerpts from two works by Najm al-Dīn Dāya (d. 654/1256) and ʿAbd al-Razzāq Kāshī (d. 736/1336)
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Muʾmin Ḥusayn Yazdī (d. 1018/1609) was an Islamic scholar and a poet. Born in Yazd around 948/1541, his father was librarian to the governor of Yazd at the time, Shāh Niʿmatallāh Bāqī (d. 994/1586 or 996/1588). Ever since his childhood, Muʾmin was eager to learn. Thanks to his father he could go to Shiraz in search of higher education. There he followed the lectures of, among others, Mullā Bāghnawī (d. 995/1587), the famous academic and author of a whole series of glosses and super-commentaries on works in philosophy, theology, and logic. Muʾmin became a respected scholar and even resided in Mekka for a time, besides visiting the holy cities of Najaf, Karbala, and Mashhad. As a specialist of quatrains Muʾmin can be compared to authors like ʿUmar Khayyām (d. ca 517/1123) or Bābā Afḍal Kāshānī (d.667/1268-69). In the latter part of his life Muʾmin went through a mental crisis, choosing a life of isolation.
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Islamic studies are for a large part based on texts that were originally transmitted in manuscript. Even if many of these works are now available in print, improved editions are often needed, while most of the surviving texts have never been published at all. The preservation, description, and proper cataloging of Islamic manuscripts all have a direct influence on the possibility for Islamic studies to move forward and develop. For many years, Francis Richard (b. 1948) was responsible for the Persian manuscripts at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Author of numerous publications on Persian manuscripts and their tradition, his Splendeurs persanes, manuscrits du XIIe au XVIIe siècles (BnF, 1997) was also published in Persian in 2005. In recognition of the great services that he has rendered to Persian studies, the present work is the first of a two-volume liber amicorum by a number of distinguished Iranian scholars. Includes an inventory of the publications of Francis Richard.
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In his Meccan days Muḥammad's message was rejected by many as a threat to the values and interests of the community. Among his opponents, there was a merchant called Naḍr b. Ḥārith. From his visits to the city of Ḥīra in Mesopotamia, a cultural melting-pot of Iranian, Christian, and pagan Arab beliefs and traditions, he had brought back stories from Iranian folklore, especially about Rustam and Isfandyār, with which he tried to attract the attention of those listening to Muḥammad's speeches, away from the latter's revolutionary message. This explains why the religious elite of the Persianate world rejected Iranian epic folklore as contrary to the message of Shīʿī Islam, Rustam in particular being viewed as incompatibele with the person of Imam ʿAlī. But folklore being difficult to eradicate, Rustam was often depicted as a Muslim convert and enemy-turned-friend of ʿAlī, like in this poem from Safavid times. A miracle story involving ʿAlī accompanies it.
Rustam (Legendary character) --- Islamic poetry, Persian. --- Epic poetry, Persian. --- Persian poetry --- History and criticism. --- ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, --- ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib, --- Miracles
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