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Jewish religious education of preschool children --- Initiation rites --- Judaism --- Education religieuse juive des enfants d'âge préscolaire --- Rites d'initiation --- Judaïsme --- History --- Religious aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect religieux --- History. --- -Initiation rites --- -Judaism --- -Jews --- Religions --- Semites --- Jews --- Initiations --- Initiatory rites --- Rites and ceremonies --- Religious education of preschool children, Jewish --- Preschool children --- -History --- -Religion --- Religion --- -Jewish religious education of preschool children --- Education religieuse juive des enfants d'âge préscolaire --- Judaïsme --- Jewish religious education of preschool children - Germany - History. --- Initiation rites - Religious aspects - Judaism - History. --- Judaism - History - Medieval and early modern period, 425-1789.

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Composed in Germany in the early thirteenth century by Judah ben Samuel he-hasid, Sefer Hasidim, or "Book of the Pietists," is a compendium of religious instruction that portrays the everyday life of Jews as they lived together with and apart from Christians in towns such as Speyer, Worms, Mainz, and Regensburg. A charismatic religious teacher who recorded hundreds of original stories that mirrored situations in medieval social living, Judah's messages advocated praying slowly and avoiding honor, pleasure, wealth, and the lures of unmarried sex. Although he failed to enact his utopian vision of a pietist Jewish society, his collected writings would help shape the religious culture of Ashkenazic Judaism for centuries.In "Sefer Hasidim" and the Ashkenazic Book in Medieval Europe, Ivan G. Marcus proposes a new paradigm for understanding how this particular book was composed. The work, he contends, was an open text written by a single author in hundreds of disjunctive, yet self-contained, segments, which were then combined into multiple alternative versions, each equally authoritative. While Sefer Hasidim offers the clearest example of this model of composition, Marcus argues that it was not unique: the production of Ashkenazic books in small and easily rearranged paragraphs is a literary and cultural phenomenon quite distinct from anything practiced by the Christian authors of northern Europe or the Sephardic Jews of the south. According to Marcus, Judah, in authoring Sefer Hasidim in this manner, not only resisted Greco-Roman influences on Ashkenazic literary form but also extended an earlier Byzantine rabbinic tradition of authorship into medieval European Jewish culture.

Jews --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History --- Intellectual life. --- Judah ben Samuel, --- Eleazar ben Judah, --- Judah ben Isaac, --- Jewish Studies. --- Medieval and Renaissance Studies. --- Religion.

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"In medieval Europe, Jews were not passive victims of the Christian community, as is often assumed, but rather were startlingly assertive, forming a Jewish civilization within Latin Christian society. Both Jews and Christians considered themselves to be God's chosen people. These dueling claims fueled the rise of both cultures as they became rivals for supremacy. In How the West Became Antisemitic, Ivan Marcus shows how Christian and Jewish competition in medieval Europe laid the foundation for modern antisemitism. Marcus explains that Jews accepted Christians as misguided practitioners of their ancestral customs, but regarded Christianity as idolatry. Christians, on the other hand, looked at Jews themselves--not Judaism--as despised. They directed their hatred at a real and imagined Jew: theoretically subordinate, but sometimes assertive, an implacable enemy within.' In their view, Jews were permanently and physically Jewish--impossible to convert to Christianity. Thus Christians came to hate Jews first for religious reasons, and eventually for racial ones. Even when Jews no longer lived among them, medieval Christians could not forget their former neighbors. Modern antisemitism, based on the imagined Jew as powerful and world dominating, is a transformation of this medieval hatred. A sweeping and well-documented history of the rivalry between Jewish and Christian civilizations during the making of Europe, How the West Became Antisemitic is an ambitious new interpretation of the medieval world and its impact on modernity"--

Antisemitism --- Judaism --- Christianity and other religions --- History --- Relations --- Christianity --- Jewish religion --- History of Europe --- anno 800-1199 --- anno 1200-1499 --- Antisémitisme --- History. --- Histoire.

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