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In September 2005 an International Meeting on “Targeted Therapies in Cancer: Myth or Reality” was held in Milan. This successful Meeting was intended to represent a forum for scientists and clinicians working in cancer drug discovery and therapy to share their reflections and experiences on how the paradigm shift from empiricism to molecular targeted therapies is contributing to the translation of basic knowledge into new therapies for cancer patients. This book collects the contributions given by scientists and clinicians, from Academia and Industry, who participated to this Meeting. We hope that this book contributes to improve our approach to cancer drug discovery and, ultimately, to find new, more efficacious and better tolerated drugs for cancer patients. It provides an overview of diverse approaches ranging from drug discovery to cellular therapy. Although this change in paradigm has been useful, its entry into the clinical arena was associates with unforeseen problems including the emergence of resistance, unexpected side effects and failures. Time is therefore ripe for a critical cultural reflection on the state of the art, prospects and limitations. Ultimately, is targeted therapy in cancer a myth or a reality?

Cancer --- Treatment. --- Cancer therapy --- Cancer treatment --- Therapy --- Oncology. --- Human genetics. --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Developmental biology. --- Cancer Research. --- Human Genetics. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Human Physiology. --- Developmental Biology. --- Development (Biology) --- Biology --- Growth --- Ontogeny --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Genetics --- Heredity, Human --- Physical anthropology --- Tumors --- Cancer research. --- Health Workforce --- Cancer research

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General embryology. Developmental biology --- Human physiology --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Oncology. Neoplasms --- Human genetics --- medische genetica --- gezondheidszorg --- genetica --- oncologie --- fysiologie --- embryologie (geneeskunde)

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Macrophages are a key component of the innate immune system and play an integral role in host defense and homeostasis. On one hand, these cells contribute to host defence by triggering inflammation, displaying microbicidal/tumoricidal properties, regulating the activation of adaptive immunity and promoting resolution of inflammation. On the other hand, they contribute to essential trophic functions such as neural patterning, bone morphogenesis and ductal branching in mammary glands. Thus, macrophages are extremely versatile cells that can respond efficiently to tissue microenvironmental cues by polarizing to distinct phenotypes, depending on the functions they need to perform. Indeed, functional diversity and plasticity are hallmarks of these cells. Macrophages may also play a detrimental role. An overwhelming body of literature has indicated their crucial role in pathogenesis. The list includes sepsis, cancer, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency, auto-immune disease- virtually impacting every major pathology that we know. These observations have suggested macrophages and their related molecules as potential targets in therapeutic applications. Available evidence proclaims macrophages as a key player in homeostasis, host defense and disease. Crucial developments in the past few years call for a re-evaluation and update of our understanding of macrophages. The present book is an endeavour that attempts to provide state-of-the art knowledge of these cells in health and disease.

Macrophages. --- Histiocytes --- Mononuclear phagocytes --- Antigen presenting cells --- Connective tissue cells --- Killer cells --- Phagocytes --- Reticulo-endothelial system --- Immunology. --- Monoclonal antibodies. --- Microbiology. --- Antibodies. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Monoclonal immunoglobulins --- Immunoglobulins --- Molecular cloning --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Medical microbiology. --- Antibodies --- Immune globulins --- Immune serum globulin --- Blood proteins --- Globulins --- Plasma cells --- Antibody diversity --- Antigens --- Bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins

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