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We study the transmission of monetary shocks across euro-area countries using a dynamic factor model and high-frequency identification. We develop a methodology to assess the degree of heterogeneity, which we find to be low in financial variables and output, but significant in consumption, consumer prices, and variables related to local housing and labor markets. Building a small open economy model featuring a housing sector and calibrating it to Spain, we show that varying the share of adjustable-rate mortgages and loan-to-value ratios explains up to one-third of the cross-country heterogeneity in the responses of output and private consumption.

Infrastructure --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy --- International Business Cycles --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Property & real estate --- Finance --- Housing prices --- Consumption --- Private consumption --- Prices --- Economics --- Saving and investment --- Spain

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The book describes a novel method of engaging rural communities in partnership initially with nurse learners to research and employ the Community Health Assessment Sustainability Education (CHASE) model. CHASE provides a consolidated structure that immerses nurse learners in community development in partnership with their group peers, community organisations and educational supervisors. The book engages with community development practitioners, community activists including rural health practitioners who provide services to rural populations, undergraduate health disciplines, postgraduate learners, educators, and researchers. The CHASE system is described in detail and offers case studies on its application in a variety of geographical contexts. CHASE is a starting point that does not set out to impose a single understanding – it is adapted in practice to rural communities’ requirements. Therefore, capturing how this model has been adapted within diverse international rural communities to accommodate community needs is paramount and aligned with each individual case study presented in the book. CHASE enhances collaborative relationships in the global landscape informing nursing curricula, and teaching and learning pedagogy internationally with a view to reduce health disparities. This book is a valuable resource of pioneering work that spans disciplines and promotes collaboration among stakeholders invested in rural community health. By weaving together connections between disciplines and communities, the authors highlight the importance of spatial thinking and its impact on health and well-being. Readers are given a comprehensive exploration of the challenges of indigenous, minority, and vulnerable rural populations presented as insightful narrative, case studies. - Kate Emond, Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Australia The Editors have skillfully incorporated on interdisciplinary focus on the CHASE Model. The authors facilitate and evaluate favorable social change, enhance healthcare delivery systems and improve social determinants of health via interdisciplinary actions within community development. - Angeline Bushy, University of Central Florida College of Nursing, USA .

Public health. --- Human geography. --- Communication in medicine. --- Nursing. --- Public Health. --- Human Geography. --- Health Communication.

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Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Nursing --- Environmental planning --- Social geography --- volksgezondheid --- ruimtelijke ordening --- verpleegkunde

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After a steady increase following the global financial crisis, private nonfinancial sector leverage rose further during the COVID-19 on the back of easy financial conditions induced by unprecedented policy support. We investigate the empirical relationships between increased leverage, financial conditions, and macro-financial stability in a sample of major advanced and emerging market economies. We find that loose financial conditions contribute to leverage buildups and generate an intertemporal tradeoff: financial stability risk is lessened in the near term but exacerbated in the medium term. The tradeoff is amplified during credit booms, when debt service burdens are particularly high, or when the share of foreign currency debt is high in emerging markets. Selected macroprudential tools can arrest leverage buildups and mitigate the tradeoff.

Canada --- Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Finance --- Credit booms --- Money --- Macroprudential policy --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Central bank policy rate --- Financial services --- Macroprudential policy instruments --- Financial sector stability --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Economic policy --- Credit --- Interest rates --- Financial services industry