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In late medieval England, cloistered nuns, like all substantial property owners, engaged in nearly constant litigation to defend their holdings. They did so using attorneys (proctors), advocates and other 'men of law' who actually conducted that litigation in the courts of Church and Crown. However, although lawyers were as crucial to the economic vitality of the nunneries as the patrons who endowed them, their role in protecting, augmenting or depleting monastic assets has never been fully investigated. This book aims to address the gap. Using records from the courts of the common law, Chancery, and a variety of ecclesiastical venues, it examines the working relationships without which cloistered nuns could not have lived in fully enclosed but self-sustainingc communities. In the first part it looks at the six mendicant and Bridgettine houses established in England, and relates the effectiveness and resilience of their cloistered spirituality to the rise of legal professionalism in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It then presents cases from ecclesiastical and royal courts which illustrate the work of legal professionals on behalf of their clients. Elizabeth Makowski is Ingram Professor of History, Texas State University.

Canonists --- Canonists. --- Convents (Canon law) --- Convents (Canon law). --- Frauenorden. --- Monasticism and religious orders (Canon law) --- Monasticism and religious orders (Canon law). --- Monasticism and religious orders for women --- Nuns (Canon law) --- Nuns (Canon law). --- Rechtsbeistand. --- Religion and law --- Religion and law. --- History --- Middle Ages. --- To 1500. --- England. --- 271-055.2 "04/14" --- 271-055.2 <420> --- Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Middeleeuwen --- Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Engeland --- 271-055.2 <420> Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Engeland --- 271-055.2 "04/14" Vrouwelijke religieuze orden, congregaties--Middeleeuwen --- Law --- Nuns --- Sisters (in religious orders, congregations, etc.) --- Christians --- Canon law --- Women in Christianity --- Convents --- Sisterhoods --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc --- Catholic Church --- Law and religion --- Canon lawyers --- Lawyers --- Religious aspects --- Cloistered nuns. --- Ecclesiastical courts. --- Legal professionalism. --- Legal professionals. --- Medieval England. --- Mendicant houses. --- Monastic assets.

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A study of women who left their nunneries: their motives and actions, and the consequences for them.

Monasticism and religious orders for women --- Nuns (Canon law) --- Convents (Canon law) --- Canon law --- Women in Christianity --- Convents --- Nuns --- Sisterhoods --- History --- Catholic Church

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England

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The distrust and hatred of matrimony is a recurring theme in Western literature. In this volume, the authors show that in their repeated imagery, continuous themes, and rhetorical devices, misogamous texts closely parallel and reflect economic and demographic shifts, and theological and legal innovation. Analysis of the literature demonstrates a link between the growing secularism and careerism of the late middle ages and the reduction of women's social status and public options.

Literature, Medieval --- Satire, Medieval --- Marriage customs and rites, Medieval. --- Marriage in literature. --- Misogyny in literature. --- Wives in literature. --- Women in literature. --- Woman (Christian theology) in literature --- Women in drama --- Women in poetry --- Medieval marriage customs and rites --- Medieval satire --- History and criticism. --- Juvenal --- Giovenale, D. Giunio --- Juvenalis, Decimus Junius --- Juvénal --- Influence. --- Marriage customs and rites, Medieval --- Marriage in literature --- Misogyny in literature --- Wives in literature --- Women in literature --- 82.04 --- 82:396 --- 82:396 Literatuur en feminisme --- Literatuur en feminisme --- 82.04 Literaire thema's --- Literaire thema's --- History and criticism --- Iuvenalis, Decimus Iunius --- Iuvenalis, Decimus Junius --- Giovenale --- Iouvenalēs --- I︠U︡venal, D. I︠U︡nīĭ --- Yuvenalis --- Giovenale, Decimo Giunio