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As a result of various human activities, such as increase in human population, decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes include shift in the size of regional livestock populations and in the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand of a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to newchallengesofincreasinglivestockproductivitywhileprotectingenvironmentand human health and conserving biodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound influence on the conversion of feed into end products, which can impact on the imal and the environment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for better management and use of both feed and other natural resources that under pin the development of sustainable feeding systems.
Rumen --- Ruminants --- Microbiology. --- Digestive organs. --- Ruminant mammals --- Ruminantia --- Artiodactyla --- Bacteriology --- Zoology. --- Agriculture. --- Ecology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Molecular ecology. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Molecular Ecology. --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Molecular biology --- Environmental microbiology --- Microbiology --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Natural history --- Animals --- Molecular aspects --- Ecology .
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The world’s livestock sector is amidst a major transformation, fuelled by high demand for meat and milk, which is likely to double over the next two decades in developing countries. The major driving force behind this demand for livestock products is a combination of population growth, urbanization and income growth, especially in developing countries. The challenge is to enhance animal productivity without adversely affecting the environment. A key to this is reducing methane emissions from ruminants. The major limitation to ruminant production in many tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America, where a large proportion of the global ruminant population is located, is poor nutrition. The productivity of animals is restricted by the low nitrogen and high fibre content of the native grasses and crop residues, which form the basis of the diets in these regions. Animals on these types of diets emit more methane than animals fed better quality temperate forages. These methane emissions represent a loss of digestible energy to the animal (up to 15%) as well as a threat to the environment. Reducing methane production by ruminants could improve their productivity, provided the efficiency of ruminal metabolism is not compromised, and reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge is to devise nutritional strategies and identify dietary components, particularly from locally available plant resources, that reduce methane emissions.
Ruminants --- Methane --- Greenhouse gas mitigation. --- Feeding and feeds. --- Environmental aspects. --- Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions --- Emission reduction, Greenhouse gas --- Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas --- GHG mitigation --- Greenhouse gas abatement --- Greenhouse gas emission reduction --- Greenhouse gas emissions reduction --- Greenhouse gas reduction --- Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions --- Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions --- Pollution prevention --- Methyl hydride --- Alkanes --- Manure gases --- Biogas --- Environmental protection. --- Animal physiology. --- Environmental management. --- Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution. --- Animal Physiology. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Management --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Physiology --- Air pollution. --- Air --- Air contaminants --- Air pollutants --- Air pollution --- Air pollution control --- Air toxics --- Airborne pollutants --- Atmosphere --- Contaminants, Air --- Control of air pollution --- Pollutants, Air --- Toxics, Air --- Pollution --- Air quality --- Atmospheric deposition --- Control
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Modern Biotechnology has potential for solving many problems associated with animal productivity and health and offers exciting opportunities for enhancing agricultural productivity. At present the focus is, however, on the issues and problems of significance for livestock producers in the developed world. In order to fully realize the benefits of this technology in developing countries, there is a need to identify, characterize and apply appropriate gene-based technologies for these regions. These proceedings present peer reviewed state-of-the-art papers describing the achievements in the areas of animal breeding and genetics, animal nutrition, animal health, and environment, ethics, safety, and regulatory aspects of gene-based technologies; achievements which could be realized using these modern scientific tools to maximise the benefits from the 'livestock revolution' that is taking place; and the constraints in the use of gene-based technologies and their specific research needs. This book will help in bridging the wide gap between developed and developing countries, in the development and use of gene-based technologies, and to elucidate the current and future roles of such technologies in the developing world. It is a good reference source for researchers, students and policy-makers alike.
Livestock --- Livestock improvement --- Animal biotechnology --- Breeding --- Genetic engineering --- Life sciences. --- Biotechnology. --- Biochemical engineering. --- Agriculture. --- Biochemistry. --- Engineering. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Engineering, general. --- Animal Biochemistry. --- Biochemical Engineering. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Bio-process engineering --- Bioprocess engineering --- Biochemistry --- Biotechnology --- Chemical engineering --- Composition --- Developing countries --- Animal husbandry --- Animal diseases --- Selection (genetics) --- prevention and control --- veterinary
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General microbiology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Animal biochemistry --- Biochemical engineering --- Biotechnology --- biodiversiteit --- bio-engineering --- biochemie --- microbiologie --- biotechnologie
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General microbiology --- Molecular biology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Biotechnology --- moleculen --- microbiologie --- biotechnologie --- ecologie --- milieutechnologie --- moleculaire biologie
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Nature protection --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- Air pollution. Air purification --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- methaan --- fysiologie --- luchtverontreiniging --- milieubeleid --- zoölogie
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Animal feeding --- Zootechny --- Feed intake --- animal husbandry --- data collection --- Data analysis --- case studies --- National planning --- world
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The aim of this manual is to provide a comprehensive guide to the methods involved in collecting, preparing and screening plants for bioactive properties for manipulating key ruminal fermentation pathways and against gastrointestinal pathogens. The manual will better equip the reader with methodological approaches to initiate screening programmes to test for bioactivity in native plants and find ‘natural’ alternatives to chemicals for manipulating ruminal fermentation and gut health. The manual provides isotopic and non-isotopic techniques to efficiently screen plants or plant parts for a range of potential bioactives for livestock production. Each chapter has been contributed by experts in the field and methods have been presented in a format that is easily reproducible in the laboratory. It is hoped that this manual will be of great value to students, researchers and those involved in developing efficient and environmentally friendly livestock production systems.
Plant bioactive compounds -- Research. --- Plants, Edible -- Testing. --- Rumen fermentation -- Research. --- Ruminants -- Feeding and feeds. --- Ruminants -- Nutrition. --- Rumen fermentation --- Ruminants --- Plants, Edible --- Biology --- Agriculture --- Animal Sciences --- Biology - General --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Research --- Feeding and feeds --- Nutrition --- Testing --- Plants --- Feeding and feeds. --- Analysis. --- Plant chemical analysis --- Chemical analysis --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Biochemistry. --- Plant biochemistry. --- Biodiversity. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Botanical chemistry --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Composition --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Botany --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics
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