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Xiao Ma offers a rich description and a novel theory of intergovernmental bargaining that explains the unfolding of China's high-speed railway. He shows that the bottom-up bargaining efforts by territorial authorities-whom the central bureaucracies rely on to implement various infrastructure projects-shaped the allocation of investment in the railway system. Demonstrating how localities of different types invoke institutional and extra-institutional sources of bargaining power in their competition for railway stations, Ma sheds new light on the how the nation's massive economy actually functions.
High speed trains --- Intergovernmental fiscal relations --- Railroads and state --- Political aspects --- Economic conditions. --- Government ownership --- Railroads --- Transportation and state --- Railroad law --- Government ownership of railroads --- Government regulation of railroads --- Nationalization of railroads --- Railroads, Nationalization of --- State and railroads --- State ownership of railroads --- High speed ground transportation --- Railroad trains --- Bullet trains --- Metroliners --- Trains, High speed --- Turbotrains --- Federal government --- Finance, Public --- Local finance --- Federal-state fiscal relations --- Fiscal relations, Intergovernmental --- State-local fiscal relations --- Management --- Government policy --- Regulation --- State supervision --- Law and legislation --- Intergovernmental fiscal relations. --- China. --- 1949 --- -BNKhAU --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Catay --- Cathay --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- China --- Chine --- Chinese National Government --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Chung-kuo --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Cina --- Činská lidová republika --- Dumdad Uls --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Erets Sin --- Jhonggu --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- Khi͡atad --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Kin --- Kitad --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- Kitajska --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- National Government --- P.R.C. --- P.R. China --- People's Republic of China --- PR China --- PRC --- Republic --- Republic of China --- República Popular China --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- République Populaire de Chine --- RRC --- RRT --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- VR China --- VRChina --- Zhong guo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhonghuaminguo
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In Localized Bargaining, Xiao Ma offers a rich description and a novel theory of intergovernmental bargaining that explains the unfolding of China's high-speed railway. He shows that the bottom-up bargaining efforts by territorial authorities--whom the central bureaucracies rely on to implement various infrastructure projects--shaped the allocation of investment in the railway system. Demonstrating how localities of different types invoke institutional and extra-institutional sources of bargaining power in their competition for railway stations, Ma sheds new light on the how the nation's massive economy actually functions.
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This book is an ethnographic account of education and migration from the perspective of three groups of South Koreans in contemporary China: migrant parents, children/students, and educational agents. The book reveals how these temporary migrants make choices, plan their trajectories and engage with the authorities, both in China and South Korea. Migrant subjectivities among these groups are driven by and respond to the education-migration regimes of both the sending and receiving countries. As 'people in between', they occupy flexible and multiple positionalities that are transnationally distributed. However, paradoxically, they experience a juxtaposition of privilege, integration and separation, which is indicative of the Chinese style of internationalisation. The book adds weight to the argument that China is a temporary destination for foreigners and not one for long-term settlement.
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This book demonstrates the social and historical conditions for the existence and development of the representative system and uncovers the laws dictating its occurrence, development and operation. Due to the barriers of language and cultural communication, the understanding of democracy differs in western and Chinese cultures, which leads to many misinterpretations and even bias. The book displays the merits and drawbacks of different forms of democracy on the basis of a comparative study of the different representative systems and argues that different representative systems can co-exist side by side and that the selection of the appropriate form of democracy must reflect the actual conditions in a given country. Therefore, a blind evaluation or criticism is unreliable. The book could provide good opportunities for western scholars to see how the Chinese scholars understand democracy and the representative system, help the westerners to understand the forms of democracy with Chinese characteristics and rationality of the socialist people’s representative system, grasp the true essence of Chinese Constitution and democracy and give up their bias towards China for a better communication and mutual understanding. This book constructs a theoretical framework for studying the representative system and provides a solid foundation for its further research, promoting the improvement and development of constitutional jurisprudence. Even today, the comparative study of the basic theories, system building, and operation of the representative system are of great theoretical significance and practical value in the Chinese political development and reform. The book is primarily intended for graduates and scholars in the areas of constitutional jurisprudence on China and abroad. It is a must-read for constitutional researchers and those who want to know the essential differences between Chinese and Western constitutional jurisprudence.
Comparative law. --- Constitutional law --- Democracy --- Representative government and representation --- Private international law. --- Conflict of laws. --- International law. --- Constitutional law. --- Administrative law. --- Private International Law, International and Foreign Law, Comparative Law. --- Constitutional Law. --- Administrative Law.
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Flood events and flood risk have been increasing in the past few decades and have important consequences for the economy. Using county-level and ZIP-code-level data from the United States during 1998-2018, we document that (1) increased flood risk has a large negative impact on firm entry, employment, and output in the long run; and (2) flood events reduce output in the short run while their impact on firm entry and employment is limited. Motivated by these findings, we construct a spatial equilibrium model to characterize how flood risk shapes firms' location choices and workers' employment, which we use to estimate the aggregate impact of increased flood risk on the economy. We find that flood risk reduced U.S. aggregate output by 0.52% in 2018, 80% of which stemmed from expectation effects and 20% from direct damages. We also apply our model to study the distributional consequences and forecast the impact of future changes in flood risk. Our results highlight the importance of considering the adjustment of firms and workers in response to risk in evaluating the consequences of natural disasters.
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This study investigates how enhanced regulation can promote innovation, focusing on the impacts of a significant regulatory reform in China's pharmaceutical sector implemented in 2015. Inspired by regulatory practices in the U.S., the reform aimed to address application backlogs and reduce administrative waiting time for new drug development. Using data at the drug and firm levels during 2012--2021, we make three main findings: (1) drug categories experiencing improved approval times witnessed a surge in investigational new drug applications and related clinical trials; (2) despite little improvement in innovativeness (measured by novel targets unexplored by U.S. counterparts) within drug categories, the reform led to changes in firm composition, attracting innovative new firms and boosting overall drug innovativeness; and (3) the market recognized the improvement in drug innovation, as reflected in stock price adjustments post new drug registrations after the reform. Our findings demonstrate that regulatory barriers can hinder the entry of innovative firms and suggest that latecomers could boost their innovation potential by adopting specific, effective regulatory practices from frontier countries.
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Edge computing has been identified as one of the key technologies for 5G networks and beyond due to two prominent advantages: low network latency and reduced core network load. By empowering cloud capabilities and IT service environments at the network edge, edge computing can well support applications of 5G and beyond, such as augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), vehicular network (ultra-reliable low-latency communication services),Internet of Things (massive machine type communication services), and mobile high-definition video (enhanced mobile broadband services). Therefore, edge computing has attracted the attention of both industry and academia since its emergence. This book highlights the progress of 5G edge computing in both industry and academia according to our long-term efforts, including the current practice of public edge providers, the research process of edge computing from academia, the integration of edge computing with 5G, and the future visions of edge computing in the 6G era. From this book, the readers can benefit from: (1) the first comprehensive measurement study on a leading public edge platform, NEP (next-generation edge platform); 2) a clear and in-depth introduction of the key technologies of 5G edge computing; (3) the latest progress of 5G-integrated edge computing; and (4) pioneering exploration of 6G edge computing based on Tiansuan constellation – an open satellite-terrestrial integrated platform. Both the researchers from academia or practitioners from industry can benefit significantly from this book.
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This book compiles a broad range of monitoring and early warning technologies focused on high-resolution in-situ water quality parameters at springs and monitoring wells. The surface collapses often cause severe damage to infrastructures, properties, and loss of lives, whereas contaminated groundwater poses risks to human health and the environment. Collapses are critical in karst systems, sparsing a seventh of Earth’s land surface. Karsts are also very relevant for drinking water, yet karst represents a fourth of global drinking water. Mitigating collapses and contaminated groundwater in karst aquifers can be complicated and costly. These parameters detect hydrodynamics, internal soil erosion, and ground deformation changes as karst collapse and pollution proxies. This book represents the most comprehensive overview of decades of research on karst collapse and groundwater contamination. This book is of interest to researchers and policymakers.
Earth sciences. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Earth Sciences.
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